Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 20

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

هَلْ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ تَجْتَمِعَ الْعَلَامَاتُ الْأَرْبَعَةُ عَلَى هَذَا؟

Can all four signs apply to a single word?

لَا يُمْكِنُ؛ لِأَنَّ التَّنْوِينَ وَالْأَلِفَ وَاللَّامَ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ.

That is impossible, as the nunation and the definite article cannot coexist.

هَلْ يَجْتَمِعُ ثَلَاثَةٌ؟

Can three of them coexist?

يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَجْتَمِعَ ثَلَاثٌ مِنَ الْأَرْبَعِ.

Yes, it is possible for three of the four to combine.

الْخَفْضِ.

The prepositions of the genitive case.

يَعْنِي: الْحُرُوفَ الَّتِي إِذَا دَخَلَتْ عَلَى الِاسْمِ خَفَضَتْهُ، يَعْنِي: جَرَّتْهُ.

This refers to the particles that, when prefixed to a noun, put it in the genitive case.

وَمِنْ أَيْنَ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْحُرُوفَ إِذَا دَخَلَتْ عَلَى الِاسْمِ جَرَّتْهُ؟

How do we know that these particles cause the genitive case when attached to a noun?

مِنَ التَّتَبُّعِ وَاسْتِقْرَاءِ كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ.

We know this through the observation and systematic study of Arabic speech.

وَإِلَّا لَيْسَ هُنَاكَ قُرْآنٌ وَلَا سُنَّةٌ تَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا؛ لَكِنَّ الْعَرَبَ إِذَا دَخَلَ حَرْفٌ مِنْ حُرُوفِ الْخَفْضِ عَلَى كَلِمَةٍ خَفَضَهَا.

There is no specific text in the Quran or Sunnah for this rule; rather, it is simply the established practice of the Arabs to use these particles to mark the genitive case.

«وَهِيَ: مِنْ وَإِلَى، وَعَنْ، وَعَلَى، وَفِي، وَرُبَّ، وَالْبَاءِ، وَالْكَافِ، وَاللَّامِ.

They are: min, ila, 'an, 'ala, fi, rubba, the ba, the kaf, and the lam.

عَدَّ الْمُؤَلِّفُ تِسْعَةَ أَحْرُفٍ.

The author lists nine such particles.

الْأَوَّلُ: مِنْ، تَقُولُ مَثَلًا: خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ،

The first is min. For instance, you say: I left Basra.

وَلَا يَجُوزُ فِي اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ أَنْ تَقُولَ: خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَيْضًا أَنْ تَقُولَ: خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ.

It is incorrect in Arabic to say it otherwise, just as it is incorrect to say it in other prohibited ways.

بَلْ مِنْ حَرْفُ خَفْضٍ، تَقُولُ: مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَلَا بُدَّ.

Min is a preposition, so you must say: min al-Basra.

Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 24 nouns)

• أَمْكَنَ — to be possible
• اِجْتَمَعَ — to gather
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• خَفَضَ — to make genitive
• جَرَّ — to make genitive
• عَلِمَ — to know
• تَتَبَّعَ — to follow
• اِسْتَقْرَأَ — to investigate
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• عَدَّ — to count
• قَالَ — to say
• خَرَجَ — to exit
• جَازَ — to be permitted
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• تَنْوِينٌ — nunation
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• لَامٌ — lam
• ثَلَاثَةٌ — three
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• خَفْضٌ — genitive case
• اسْمٌ — noun
• تَتَبُّعٌ — following
• اسْتِقْرَاءٌ — investigation
• كَلَامٌ — speech
• عَرَبِيٌّ — Arab
• قُرْآنٌ — Quran
• سُنَّةٌ — tradition
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• بَاءٌ — ba
• كَافٌ — kaf
• مُؤَلِّفٌ — author
• تِسْعَةٌ — nine
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• مَثَلٌ — example
• بَصْرَةٌ — Basra
• لُغَةٌ — language
• بُدَّ — escape