Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 151

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَالْمَاضِي مَفْتُوحُ الآخِرِ أَبَدًا، وَالأَمْرُ مَجْزُومٌ أَبَدًا، وَالْمُضَارِعُ مَرْفُوعٌ وَمَنْصُوبٌ وَمَجْزُومٌ.

The past tense always ends in a fatha, the imperative is always jussive, and the present tense can be nominative, accusative, or jussive.

الْمَاضِي مَفْتُوحُ الآخِرِ أَبَدًا لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَقَعَ إِلَّا مَفْتُوحًا؛ وَلِهَذَا نُسَمِّيهِ مَبْنِيًّا، فَالْمَاضِي دَائِمًا مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ، سُمِّيَ مَبْنِيًّا لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَتَغَيَّرُ، كَمَا لَوْ بَنَيْتَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ بِنَاءً ثَبَتَ، فَالْمَاضِي مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ دَائِمًا.

The past tense always ends in a fatha and cannot occur otherwise; this is why we call it indeclinable. It is permanently fixed on the fatha. It is termed indeclinable because it does not change, much like a building fixed firmly to the ground; thus, the past tense is always fixed on the fatha.

وَظَاهِرُ كَلَامِ الْمُؤَلِّفِ أَنَّهُ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ مُطْلَقًا وَإِنِ اتَّصَلَ بِهِ وَاوُ الْجَمَاعَةِ، أَوْ ضَمِيرُ الْفَاعِلِ، تَقُولُ: ضَرَبُوا، ضَرَبْتُ.

The author’s words imply that it is fixed on the fatha in all cases, even when the plural waw or a subject pronoun is attached to it, as in the examples 'darabu' or 'darabtu'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (10 verbs · 33 nouns)

• وَقَعَ — to occur
• سَمَّى — to name
• بَنَى — to build
• مَاضٍ — past
• مَفْتُوح — open
• آخِر — end