Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ الْآجُرُّومِيَّةِ.

A Commentary on the Ajurrumiyyah.

تَحْقِيقًا إِذَا قُلْتَ: «قَامَ زَيْدٌ».

In a literal sense, if you say: "Zayd stood."

هَذَا مُرَكَّبٌ مِنْ «قَامَ» وَ«زَيْدٌ» تَحْقِيقًا، وَتَقْدِيرًا إِذَا قُلْتَ: «قُمْ»، هَذَا لَمْ يَتَرَكَّبْ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ تَحْقِيقًا وَلَكِنْ تَقْدِيرًا؛ لِأَنَّ «قُمْ» فِيهَا ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِي قُوَّةِ الْبَارِزِ فَهِيَ مُرَكَّبَةٌ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ.

This is composed of "stood" and "Zayd" literally. If you say "Stand," it is not composed of two words literally, but it is by estimation, because "stand" contains a hidden pronoun that functions exactly like an explicit one, making it a composition of two words.

«الْمُفِيدُ»؛ الْمُرَادُ بِالْمُفِيدِ: مَا أَفَادَ السَّامِعَ بِحَيْثُ لَا يَتَشَوَّفُ بَعْدَهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ فَإِذَا قُلْتَ: «نَجَحَ الطَّالِبُ».

"Beneficial": this means speech that provides the listener with information so complete that they do not wait for anything more. For instance, if you say: "The student succeeded."

أَفَادَ، السَّامِعُ لَا يَتَشَوَّفُ إِلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا، لَكِنْ إِذَا قُلْتَ: «إِنْ نَجَحَ الطَّالِبُ»، هَذَا مُرَكَّبٌ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ: «إِنْ»، «نَجَحَ»، «الطَّالِبُ»، ثَلَاثُ كَلِمَاتٍ، لَكِنَّهُ لَمْ يُفِدْ؛ فَالسَّامِعُ إِذَا قُلْتَ لَهُ: «إِنْ نَجَحَ الطَّالِبُ»، فَهُوَ يَتَشَوَّفُ.

This is beneficial; the listener expects nothing more. However, if you say, "If the student succeeds," this is undoubtedly a composition of three words—"if," "succeeded," and "the student"—yet it provides no benefit. If you say this to a listener, they will still be waiting for more.

إِذَنْ لَا تُسَمِّي هَذَا كَلَامًا.

Therefore, do not call this speech.

لِمَاذَا؟ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُفِدْ فَائِدَةً لَا يَتَشَوَّفُ السَّامِعُ بَعْدَهَا إِلَى غَيْرِهَا.

Why? Because it failed to provide a complete sense that leaves the listener satisfied.

وَلَوْ قُلْتَ: إِنْ نَجَحَ غُلَامُ غُلَامِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيِّبِ الطَّاهِرُ... كَلِمَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، يَكُونُ كَلَامًا أَمْ لَا؟! لَا يَكُونُ، لِمَاذَا؟؛ لِأَنَّ السَّامِعَ لَمْ يُفِدْ شَيْئًا يَقُولُ: أَعْطِنِي الْفَائِدَةَ، إِذَنْ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ فَائِدَةٍ لَا يَتَشَوَّفُ السَّامِعُ بَعْدَهَا إِلَى شَيْءٍ.

If you were to say, "If the servant of the servant of the good, pure Abdullah succeeds..."—that is a long string of words, but is it speech? No. Why? Because the listener has gained nothing and will ask you to finish the thought. There must be a benefit that leaves the listener wanting nothing more.

وَلَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْفَائِدَةُ جَدِيدَةً أَوْ مَعْلُومَةً، فَلَوْ قُلْتَ: «السَّمَاءُ فَوْقَنَا».

It makes no difference whether the information is new or already known. If you say, "The sky is above us."

كَانَ كَلَامًا مَعَ أَنَّهُ مَعْلُومٌ.

That is considered speech, even though it is a known fact.

«الْأَرْضُ تَحْتَنَا» كَلَامٌ مُفِيدٌ.

"The earth is beneath us" is beneficial speech.

كَأَنَّنَا وَالْمَاءُ مِنْ حَوْلِنَا قَوْمٌ جُلُوسٌ حَوْلَهُمْ مَاءُ.

It is like us and the water surrounding us, much like a group of people sitting with water all around them.

Vocabulary · المفردات (10 verbs · 36 nouns)

• شَرَحَ — to explain
• قَالَ — to say
• قَامَ — to stand
• تَرَكَّبَ — to be composed
• أَفَادَ — to convey meaning
• تَشَوَّفَ — to look forward to
• نَجَحَ — to succeed
• سَمَّى — to name
• كَانَ — to be
• أَعْطَى — to give
• شَرْح — explanation
• تَحْقِيق — verification
• مُرَكَّب — compound
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• كَلِمَة — word
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• مُسْتَتِر — hidden
• قُوَّة — strength
• بَارِز — apparent
• مُفِيد — meaningful
• مُرَاد — intended meaning
• سَامِع — listener
• بَعْد — after
• غَيْر — other
• طَالِب — student
• شَكّ — doubt
• ثَلَاث — three
• فَائِدَة — complete sense
• غُلَام — boy
• عَبْد — servant
• طَيِّب — good
• طَاهِر — pure
• كَثِير — many
• كَلَام — speech
• شَيْء — thing
• فَرْق — difference
• جَدِيد — new
• مَعْلُوم — known
• سَمَاء — sky
• فَوْق — above
• أَرْض — earth
• تَحْت — below
• مَاء — water
• حَوْل — around
• قَوْم — people
• جُلُوس — sitting