Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 11

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

«الْمُرَكَّبُ»: يَعْنِي: تَرْكِيبًا إِسْنَادِيًّا تَحْصُلُ بِهِ الْفَائِدَةُ بِخِلَافِ الْمُرَكَّبِ تَرْكِيبًا إِضَافِيًّا هَذَا لَيْسَ بِكَلَامٍ، لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَرْكِيبًا إِسْنَادِيًّا.

A compound refers to a predicative construction that conveys a complete meaning. Unlike genitive constructions, which do not qualify as speech, a predicative construction is essential.

الْمُفِيدُ فَائِدَةً يَحْسُنُ السُّكُوتُ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَوْ اُشْتُرِطَ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْفَائِدَةُ جَدِيدَةً، حَتَّى لَوْ كَانَ بِفَائِدَةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ، يُسَمَّى كَلَامًا.

Speech must convey a meaning that allows the listener to be satisfied with silence. It does not matter if the information is already known; if it fulfills this condition, it is considered speech.

فَخَرَجَ بِقَوْلِنَا «اللَّفْظُ» الْكِتَابَةُ؛ فَالْكِتَابَةُ عِنْدَ النَّحْوِيِّينَ لَيْسَتْ كَلَامًا، وَخَرَجَ بِهِ الْإِشَارَةُ، فَالْإِشَارَةُ لَيْسَتْ كَلَامًا وَلَوْ فُهِمَتْ؛

Our use of the term utterance excludes writing, which grammarians do not classify as speech. Gestures are similarly excluded, even if they are understood.

وَلِهَذَا لَوْ أَشَرْتَ لِإِنْسَانٍ وَاقِفٍ بِالْجُلُوسِ مَا سُمِّيَ كَلَامًا، وَلَوْ قُلْتَ: اجْلِسْ صَارَ كَلَامًا،

If you gesture for a standing person to sit, that is not speech. However, if you say, "Sit," it becomes speech.

وَلَوْ رَأَيْتَ شَخْصًا وَاقِفًا فَكَتَبْتَ فِي وَرَقَةٍ: «اجْلِسْ»، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُسَمَّى كَلَامًا عِنْدَ النَّحْوِيِّينَ، لِمَاذَا؟ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِلَفْظٍ.

If you see someone standing and write "Sit" on a piece of paper, grammarians do not call that speech. Why? Because it is not an utterance.

هُوَ يُسَمَّى كَلَامًا فِي الشَّرْعِ، وَيُسَمَّى كَلَامًا عِنْدَ الْفُقَهَاءِ، لَكِنْ لَا يُسَمَّى كَلَامًا فِي اصْطِلَاحِ النَّحْوِيِّينَ،

While such writing may be considered speech in legal or religious contexts, it does not fit the technical definition of speech used by grammarians.

وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّ الرَّسُولَ ﷺ جَعَلَ الْوَصِيَّةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ كَالْوَصِيَّةِ الْمَنْطُوقَةِ

The Prophet, peace be upon him, treated a written will as equivalent to a spoken one.

قَالَ: «مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُرِيدُ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ».

He said: "It is not the right of any Muslim who has something to bequeath to spend two nights without having his written will ready with him."

الْمُرَكَّبُ يَعْنِي الَّذِي يَتَرَكَّبُ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ وَلَوْ تَقْدِيرًا، فَإِذَا قُلْتَ: «هَلْ» هَذَا لَفْظٌ لَكِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مُرَكَّبًا، فَلَا يُسَمَّى كَلَامًا عِنْدَ النَّحْوِيِّينَ، لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَتَرَكَّبَ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ تَحْقِيقًا أَوْ تَقْدِيرًا، فَمَثَلًا.

A compound is defined as something composed of two or more words, even if only implicitly. For example...

Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 38 nouns)

• عَنَى — to mean
• حَصَلَ — to occur
• حَسُنَ — to be good
• اِشْتَرَطَ — to stipulate
• سَمَّى — to name
• خَرَجَ — to be excluded
• فَهِمَ — to understand
• أَشَارَ — to point
• قَالَ — to say
• جَلَسَ — to sit
• صَارَ — to become
• رَأَى — to see
• كَتَبَ — to write
• جَعَلَ — to make
• بَاتَ — to spend the night
• أَرَادَ — to want
• أَوْصَى — to bequeath
• تَرَكَّبَ — to be composed
• مُرَكَّب — compound
• تَرْكِيب — composition
• إِسْنَادِيّ — predicative
• فَائِدَة — benefit
• خِلَاف — difference
• إِضَافِيّ — genitive
• كَلَام — speech
• مُفِيد — beneficial
• سُكُوت — silence
• جَدِيد — new
• مَعْلُوم — known
• بَأْس — harm
• لَفْظ — utterance
• كِتَابَة — writing
• نَحْوِيّ — grammarian
• إِشَارَة — gesture
• إِنْسَان — human
• وَاقِف — standing
• جُلُوس — sitting
• شَخْص — person
• وَرَقَة — paper
• شَرْع — law
• فَقِيه — jurist
• اِصْطِلَاح — terminology
• رَسُول — messenger
• وَصِيَّة — will
• مَكْتُوب — written
• مَنْطُوق — spoken
• حَقّ — right
• اِمْرُؤ — man
• مُسْلِم — Muslim
• لَيْلَة — night
• شَيْء — thing
• كَلِمَة — word
• أَكْثَر — more
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• تَحْقِيق — verification
• مَثَل — example