Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 9, Semester 2 — Page 19

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَمِنْ فَوَائِدِ التَّقْسِيمِ فِي تَعْبِيرِنَا أَنَّهُ يَحْصُرُ جَوَانِبَ الْمَعْنَى، فَلَا يَتْرُكُ زِيَادَةً لِمُسْتَرِيدٍ، وَيُرَتِّبُهُ فِي ذِهْنِ السَّامِعِ فِي جُمَلٍ مُتَنَاسِبَةٍ.

One benefit of using division in our expression is that it circumscribes the facets of a meaning, leaving nothing further for a seeker to desire, while organizing the concept in the listener's mind into balanced sentences.

التَّقْسِيمُ: وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الْمُحَسِّنَاتِ الْبَدِيعِيَّةِ الْمَعْنَوِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ اسْتِيفَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ جَمِيعَ أَقْسَامِ الْمَعْنَى أَوِ الشَّيْءِ، وَذِكْرُ أَحْوَالِهِ.

Division is a semantic rhetorical device where the speaker exhaustively covers all parts or states of a subject.

وَيَنْقَسِمُ الْمَعْنَى إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ لَا ثَالِثَ لَهُمَا، أَوْ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ لَا رَابِعَ لَهَا، أَوْ إِلَى أَرْبَعَةٍ لَا خَامِسَ لَهَا، وَهَكَذَا، فَنَقُولُ:

A meaning may be divided into two parts with no third, three with no fourth, four with no fifth, and so on; for example:

الْمَوْرِدُ الْعَذْبُ كَثِيرُ الزِّحَامِ، وَالنَّاسُ عِنْدَهُ: إِمَّا وَافِدٌ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِمَّا صَادِرٌ عَنْهُ.

A sweet spring is always crowded; those who come to it are either arriving or departing.

قَالَ حَكِيمٌ: النَّاسُ ثَلَاثَةٌ: غَنِيٌّ، وَفَقِيرٌ، وَمُسْتَرِيدٌ، فَالْغَنِيُّ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ مَا يَسْتَحِقُّهُ، وَالْفَقِيرُ مَنْ مُنِعَ حَقَّهُ، وَالْمُسْتَرِيدُ الَّذِي يَطْلُبُ الْفَضْلَ بَعْدَ الْغِنَى.

A wise man said: People are of three types: the rich, the poor, and the seeker. The rich is he who receives what he is due, the poor is he who is denied his right, and the seeker is he who pursues more after having achieved wealth.

وَقِيلَ: النَّاسُ أَرْبَعَةٌ: جَوَادٌ يُعْطِي حَظَّ دُنْيَاهُ وَآخِرَتِهِ، وَبَخِيلٌ لَا يُعْطِي وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمَا، وَمُسْرِفٌ جَعَلَ مَالَهُ لِدُنْيَاهُ، وَمُقْتَصِدٌ أَعْطَى كُلًّا بِقَدْرِهِ.

It has been said: People are of four types: the generous, who gives for both his worldly life and his afterlife; the miser, who gives for neither; the extravagant, who spends his wealth solely on worldly matters; and the moderate, who gives to each according to its due.

فَائِدَةُ التَّقْسِيمِ: حَصْرُ جَوَانِبِ الْمَعْنَى، وَتَرْتِيبُهَا فِي ذِهْنِ السَّامِعِ.

The benefit of division is to define the boundaries of a meaning and arrange them clearly in the listener's mind.

نُوَضِّحُ التَّقْسِيمَ فِيمَا يَأْتِي:

We illustrate this division as follows:

قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الدَّهْرُ يَوْمَانِ: ذَا أَمْنٌ وَذَا خَطَرٌ، وَالْعَيْشُ عَيْشَانِ: ذَا صَفْوٌ وَذَا كَدَرُ.

Al-Shafi'i said: Time is two days: one of security and one of danger; life is two lives: one of clarity and one of trouble.

انْتَشَرَتْ مَوَاقِعُ التَّوَاصُلِ الِاجْتِمَاعِيِّ أَيَّمَا انْتِشَارٍ، فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُفْرِطُ فِي اسْتِخْدَامِهَا، وَيَقْضِي سَاعَاتٍ طَوِيلَةً يَوْمِيًّا مَعَ رُوَّادِهَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْتَخْدِمُهَا بِاعْتِدَالٍ لِأَغْرَاضِ التَّوَاصُلِ الضَّرُورِيِّ مَعَ الْأَصْدِقَاءِ.

Social media has become ubiquitous; some people overuse it, spending long hours each day with its users, while others use it in moderation for essential communication with friends.

Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 69 nouns)

• حَصَرَ — to limit
• تَرَكَ — to leave
• رَتَّبَ — to arrange
• انْقَسَمَ — to divide
• قَالَ — to say
• أَعْطَى — to give
• اسْتَحَقَّ — to deserve
• مَنَعَ — to prevent
• طَلَبَ — to request
• وَضَّحَ — to clarify
• أَفْرَطَ — to exceed
• قَضَى — to spend time
• اسْتَخْدَمَ — to use
• فَائِدَة — benefit
• تَقْسِيم — division
• تَعْبِير — expression
• جَانِب — side
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• زِيَادَة — addition
• مُسْتَرِيد — seeker
• ذِهْن — mind
• سَامِع — listener
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• مُحَسِّن — enhancement
• بَدِيعِيّ — rhetorical
• مَعْنَوِيّ — semantic
• اسْتِيفَاء — fulfillment
• مُتَكَلِّم — speaker
• جَمِيع — all
• قِسْم — part
• شَيْء — thing
• ذِكْر — mention
• حَال — state
• ثَالِث — third
• ثَلَاثَة — three
• رَابِع — fourth
• أَرْبَعَة — four
• خَامِس — fifth
• مَوْرِد — resource
• عَذْب — sweet
• كَثِير — many
• زِحَام — crowd
• نَاس — people
• وَافِد — arriver
• صَادِر — departing
• حَكِيم — wise
• غَنِيّ — rich
• فَقِير — poor
• حَقّ — right
• فَضْل — favor
• غِنَى — wealth
• جَوَاد — generous
• حَظّ — share
• دُنْيَا — world
• آخِرَة — afterlife
• بَخِيل — miser
• وَاحِد — one
• مُسْرِف — extravagant
• مَال — money
• مُقْتَصِد — moderate
• قَدْر — measure
• تَدْرِيب — exercise
• دَهْر — time
• يَوْم — day
• أَمْن — security
• خَطَر — danger
• عَيْش — life
• صَفْو — purity
• كَدَر — trouble
• مَوْقِع — site
• تَوَاصُل — communication
• اجْتِمَاعِيّ — social
• انْتِشَار — spread
• اسْتِخْدَام — use
• سَاعَة — hour
• طَوِيل — long
• يَوْمِيّ — daily
• رَائِد — pioneer
• اعْتِدَال — moderation
• غَرَض — purpose
• ضَرُورِيّ — necessary
• صَدِيق — friend