Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 9, Semester 2 — Page 15

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَيَقَعُ المَفْعُولُ بِهِ بَعْدَ الفِعْلِ وَالفَاعِلِ، وَيُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ عَلى فَاعِلِهِ، كَمَا فِي عِبَارَةِ (غَشِيَتْهُمُ الرَّحْمَةُ، وَحَفَّتْهُمُ المَلائِكَةُ، وَذَكَرَهُمُ اللهُ).

The direct object usually follows the verb and subject, but it can precede the subject, as in the phrases: "Mercy covered them," "The angels surrounded them," and "God remembered them."

وَهُنَاكَ أَفْعَالٌ تَتَعَدَّى إِلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مَفْعُولٍ بِهِ وَاحِدٍ فَتَنْصِبُ مَفْعُولَيْنِ مِنْهَا: (عَلِمَ، ظَنَّ، جَعَلَ...)، أَوْ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ تَنْصِبَ ثَلاثَةَ مَفَاعِيلَ مِنْهَا: (أَخْبَرَ، أَعْلَمَ، أَنْبَأَ، نَبَّأَ...).

Some verbs take more than one direct object, requiring two objects in the accusative case, such as 'knew,' 'thought,' and 'made,' or even three objects, such as 'informed,' 'notified,' 'told,' and 'announced.'

فَفِي جُمْلَةِ (وَجَدَ الطَّالِبُ أَخْلاقَ زَمِيلِهِ دَمِثَةً، فَأَحَبَّ صَدَاقَتَهُ)، (أَخْلاقُ): مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ أَوَّلُ لِلْفِعْلِ (وَجَدَ) مَنْصُوبٌ، وَعَلامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَ(دَمِثَةً): مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ ثَانٍ مَنْصُوبٌ، وَعَلامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.

In the sentence, 'The student found his colleague’s character gentle, so he valued his friendship,' 'character' is the first direct object of the verb 'found' in the accusative case, marked by a visible fatha, and 'gentle' is the second direct object, also in the accusative case marked by a visible fatha.

وَفِي جُمْلَةِ أَعْلَمَ الشُّرْطِيُّ السَّائِقَ الطَّرِيقَ مُغْلَقَةً، نَصَبَ الفِعْلُ ثَلاثَةَ مَفَاعِيلَ.

In the sentence, 'The policeman informed the driver that the road was closed,' the verb takes three direct objects.

نَسْتَنْتِجُ: ١ - المَفْعُولُ بِهِ: هُوَ اسْمٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَنْ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلُ الفَاعِلِ، وَحُكْمُهُ النَّصْبُ.

Conclusion: 1. The direct object is a noun indicating the recipient of the subject's action, and it is always in the accusative case.

٢ - عَلامَةُ نَصْبِ المَفْعُولِ بِهِ الأَصْلِيَّةُ الفَتْحَةُ، وَتَكُونُ ظَاهِرَةً وَمُقَدَّرَةً، مِثْلَ: - رَكِبَ الفَارِسُ حِصَانَهُ وَانْطَلَقَ كَالسَّهْمِ. - قَدَّمَتْ رَغَدُ الحَلْوَى لِصَدِيقَاتِهَا.

2. The primary accusative sign for a direct object is the fatha, which may be visible or implied, as in: - The knight rode his horse and took off like an arrow. - Raghad offered sweets to her friends.

وَهُنَاكَ عَلامَاتُ نَصْبٍ فَرْعِيَّةٌ: هِيَ اليَاءُ فِي المُثَنَّى، وَجَمْعِ المُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ، وَالأَلِفُ فِي الأَسْمَاءِ الخَمْسَةِ، وَالكَسْرَةُ فِي جَمْعِ المُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ، مِثْلَ: - كَرَّمَتِ المَدْرَسَةُ الطَّالِبَيْنِ المُؤَدَّبَيْنِ فِي الإِذَاعَةِ الصَّبَاحِيَّةِ.

Secondary accusative signs include: the ya for duals and sound masculine plurals, the alif for the five nouns, and the kasra for sound feminine plurals, as in: - The school honored the two polite students during the morning broadcast.

- إِذَا جَازَيْتَ بِالإِحْسَانِ قَوْماً زَجَرْتَ المُذْنِبِينَ عَنِ الذُّنُوبِ.

- If you reward people with kindness, you rebuke the sinners for their sins.

- اِسْتَسْمَنْتَ ذَا وَرَمٍ.

- You mistook the swollen one for someone fat.

- قَالَ تَعَالَى: (إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ).

- The Almighty says: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and they will have a great punishment."

المَفْعُولُ بِهِ اسْمٌ مُعْرَبٌ ظَاهِرٌ، وَيَأْتِي اسْماً مَبْنِيّاً، كَالضَّمِيرِ المُتَّصِلِ، وَاسْمِ الإِشَارَةِ...

The direct object can be a declinable (mu'rab) visible noun, or it can be an indeclinable (mabni) noun, such as an attached pronoun or a demonstrative.

- المُتَوَاكِلُ يَبْنِي قُصُوراً فِي الهَوَاءِ.

- The lazy person builds castles in the air.

Vocabulary · المفردات (31 verbs · 73 nouns)

• وَقَعَ — to fall
• أَمْكَنَ — to enable, to make possible
• تَقَدَّمَ — to advance
• غَشِيَ — to cover
• حَفَّ — to surround
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• تَعَدَّى — to exceed
• نَصَبَ — to set up
• عَلِمَ — to know
• ظَنَّ — to think
• جَعَلَ — to make
• أَخْبَرَ — to inform
• أَعْلَمَ — to notify
• أَنْبَأَ — to announce
• نَبَّأَ — to inform
• وَجَدَ — to find
• أَحَبَّ — to love
• اِسْتَنْتَجَ — to conclude
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• رَكِبَ — to ride
• اِنْطَلَقَ — to set off
• قَدَّمَ — to offer
• كَرَّمَ — to honor
• جَازَى — to reward
• زَجَرَ — to rebuke
• اِسْتَسْمَنَ — to deem fat
• قَالَ — to say
• رَمَى — to throw
• لَعَنَ — to curse
• أَتَى — to come
• بَنَى — to build
• مَفْعُول — object
• فِعْل — verb
• فَاعِل — subject
• عِبَارَة — phrase
• رَحْمَة — mercy
• مَلَاك — angel
• فِعْل — verbs
• أَكْثَر — more
• وَاحِد — one
• مَفْعُول — two objects
• ثَلاثَة — three
• مَفْعُول — objects
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• طَالِب — student
• أَخْلاق — morals
• زَمِيل — colleague
• دَمِث — gentle
• صَدَاقَة — friendship
• أَوَّل — first
• عَلامَة — sign
• نَصْب — accusative case
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• ظَاهِر — apparent
• ثَان — second
• شُرْطِيّ — policeman
• سَائِق — driver
• طَرِيق — road
• مُغْلَق — closed
• اِسْم — noun
• حُكْم — ruling
• أَصْلِيّ — original
• مُقَدَّر — estimated
• فَارِس — knight
• حِصَان — horse
• سَهْم — arrow
• حَلْوَى — sweets
• صَدِيق — friend
• فَرْعِيّ — secondary
• يَاء — ya
• مُثَنَّى — dual
• جَمْع — plural
• مُذَكَّر — masculine
• سَالِم — sound
• أَلِف — alif
• أَسْمَاء — names
• خَمْسَة — five
• كَسْرَة — kasra
• مُؤَنَّث — feminine
• مَدْرَسَة — school
• مُؤَدَّب — polite
• إِذَاعَة — broadcast
• صَبَاحِيّ — morning
• إِحْسَان — kindness
• قَوْم — people
• مُذْنِب — sinner
• ذَنْب — sin
• ذُو — possessor
• وَرَم — swelling
• مُحْصَن — chaste
• غَافِل — heedless
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• دُنْيَا — world
• آخِرَة — hereafter
• عَذَاب — punishment
• عَظِيم — great
• مُعْرَب — inflected
• مَبْنِيّ — indeclinable
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• مُتَّصِل — attached
• إِشَارَة — demonstrative
• مُتَوَاكِل — dependent
• قَصْر — palace
• هَوَاء — air