Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 9, Semester 1 — Page 103

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

نَتَأَمَّلُ : الكلماتُ أَسْلاؤُهم، أشلائهم، أشلاءهم جاءَتْ في مَواقِعَ إعْرَابِيَّةٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ، فَفي الأُولى (أَخْلاؤُهم فاعِلٌ، وَفي الثَّانِيَةِ (أسلائِهم) اسْمٌ مَجْرورٌ، وَفي الثَّالِثَةِ (أَشْلاءَهم) مَفْعولٌ بِهِ.

Let us reflect: The words 'akhla'uhum', 'ashla'ihim', and 'ashla'ahum' appear in different grammatical positions; in the first, 'akhla'uhum' is a subject, in the second, 'ashla'ihim' is a genitive noun, and in the third, 'ashla'ahum' is an object.

وَقَدْ أَثَرَت الحَرَكةُ الإعْرابِيَّةُ لها في تغيير رَسْم الهَمْرَةِ، فَكَلِمَةُ (أَشلاء) ذاتُ هَمْرَةٍ مُتَطَرِّفَةٍ، وبدخولِ الضَّمير عَلَيْها أَصْبَحَتْ مُتَوَسِّطَةٌ، وَأَخَذَتْ حُكْمَ الهَمْرَةِ المُتَوسّطَةِ في رَسْمِها.

The grammatical case has affected the spelling of the hamza; the word 'ashla' has a terminal hamza, but with the addition of the pronoun, it becomes medial and follows the rules of the medial hamza in its spelling.

ويُنظَرُ إلى حَرَكَةِ الهَمْرَةِ، وَحَرَكَةِ الحَرْفِ السَّابِقِ لَها وَيُعْتَمَدُ رَسُمُ الهَمْرَةِ وَفْقَ قُوَّةِ الحَرَكَاتِ، فَالكَسْرَةُ أَقْواها، تليها الضَّمَّةُ، فَالْفَتْحَةُ، وَأَضْعَفُها الشكونُ .

One looks at the vowel of the hamza and the vowel of the preceding letter, and the spelling of the hamza is determined according to the strength of the vowels: the kasra is the strongest, followed by the damma, then the fatha, and the weakest is the sukun.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 38 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• جَاءَ — to come
• أَثَّرَ — to influence
• كَلِمَة — word
• إِعْرَابِيّ — grammatical
• مُخْتَلِف — different