Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 8, Semester 1 — Page 15

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

التَّدْرِيبُ الثَّالِثُ: نَمُوذَجٌ إِعْرَابِيٌّ مَحْلُولٌ:

Third Exercise: A worked example of grammatical analysis:

قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَسْتَوِي الْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا السَّيِّئَةُ ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ﴾ (فُصِّلَتْ: ٣٤).

The Almighty says: 'Good and evil are not equal. Repel evil with what is better, and then the one who was your enemy will become as if he were a devoted friend' (Fussilat: 34).

لَا: حَرْفُ نَفْيٍ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ، لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ.

La: A particle of negation, indeclinable with a sukun, having no grammatical function.

الْحَسَنَةُ: فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ، وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ عَلَى آخِرِهِ.

Al-hasanatu: A nominative subject, marked by the damma visible on its final letter.

ادْفَعْ: فِعْلُ أَمْرٍ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ، وَالْفَاعِلُ: ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ.

Idfa': An imperative verb, indeclinable with a sukun, with an implied subject of 'anta' (you).

تَدْرِيبٌ: نُعْرِبُ مَا تَحْتَهُ خَطٌّ فِيمَا يَأْتِي: أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِصِدْقِهِمْ.

Exercise: Analyze the underlined words in the following: The believers succeeded through their truthfulness.

الْبَلَاغَةُ: مُقَدِّمَةٌ فِي عِلْمِ الْبَلَاغَةِ.

Rhetoric: An introduction to the science of rhetoric.

الْبَلَاغَةُ لُغَةً: اسْمٌ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ بَلَغَ بِمَعْنَى أَدْرَكَ الْغَايَةَ، وَوَصَلَ إِلَيْهَا.

Rhetoric, linguistically: A noun derived from the verb 'balagha', meaning to reach a goal or arrive at a destination.

أَمَّا اصْطِلَاحًا: فَهِيَ تَأْدِيَةُ الْمَعْنَى الْجَلِيلِ وَاضِحًا، بِعِبَارَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ فَصِيحَةٍ، لَهَا فِي النَّفْسِ أَثَرٌ خَلَّابٌ، مَعَ مُلَاءَمَةِ كُلِّ كَلَامٍ لِلْمَوْطِنِ الَّذِي يُقَالُ فِيهِ، وَالْأَشْخَاصِ الَّذِينَ يُخَاطَبُونَ بِهِ.

In terminology: It is the clear expression of a sublime meaning through correct, eloquent phrasing that captivates the soul, while ensuring that every statement is appropriate for the context and the audience being addressed.

وَيُقْسَمُ عِلْمُ الْبَلَاغَةِ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ عُلُومٍ: عِلْمُ الْبَيَانِ، وَعِلْمُ الْمَعَانِي، وَعِلْمُ الْبَدِيعِ.

The science of rhetoric is divided into three branches: Bayan (imagery), Ma'ani (syntax and meaning), and Badi' (rhetorical devices).

وَلِكُلِّ عِلْمٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْعُلُومِ مَوْضُوعَاتٌ يَخْتَصُّ بِدِرَاسَتِهَا.

Each of these branches has its own specific subjects of study.

الْهَدَفُ مِنْ دِرَاسَةِ عِلْمِ الْبَلَاغَةِ:

The goal of studying rhetoric:

١- هَدَفٌ دِينِيٌّ: يَتَمَثَّلُ فِي تَذَوُّقِ بَلَاغَةِ الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَالْحَدِيثِ النَّبَوِيِّ الشَّرِيفِ.

1. A religious goal: To appreciate the eloquence of the Holy Quran and the noble Prophetic Hadith.

٢- هَدَفٌ أَدَبِيٌّ: يَتَمَثَّلُ فِي التَّأْلِيفِ الْجَيِّدِ، وَالتَّدْرِيبِ عَلَى صِنَاعَةِ الْأَدَبِ.

2. A literary goal: To develop skill in composition and the craft of literature.

٣- هَدَفٌ نَقْدِيٌّ: يَتَمَثَّلُ فِي الْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى تَمْيِيزِ الْكَلَامِ الْجَيِّدِ مِنَ الرَّدِيءِ.

3. A critical goal: To develop the ability to distinguish good speech from poor speech.

Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 75 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• اسْتَوَى — to become equal
• دَفَعَ — to push
• أَعْرَبَ — to parse
• أَفْلَحَ — to succeed
• بَلَغَ — to reach
• أَدْرَكَ — to realize
• وَصَلَ — to arrive
• خَاطَبَ — to address
• قَسَمَ — to divide
• اخْتَصَّ — to specialize
• تَمَثَّلَ — to represent
• تَدْرِيب — training
• ثَالِث — third
• نَمُوذَج — model
• إِعْرَابِيٌّ — grammatical
• مَحْلُول — solved
• حَسَنَة — good deed
• سَيِّئَة — bad deed
• أَحْسَن — better
• عَدَاوَة — enmity
• وَلِيٌّ — ally
• حَمِيم — intimate
• حَرْف — letter
• نَفْي — negation
• مَبْنِيٌّ — indeclinable
• سُكُون — quiescence
• مَحَلٌّ — place
• إِعْرَاب — inflection
• فَاعِل — subject
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• رَفْع — nominative case
• ضَمَّة — damma
• ظَاهِرَة — apparent
• آخِرٌ — end
• أَمْر — imperative
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• مُسْتَتِر — hidden
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• خَطٌّ — line
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• صِدْق — honesty
• بَلَاغَة — rhetoric
• مُقَدِّمَة — introduction
• عِلْم — science
• لُغَة — language
• اسْمٌ — noun
• مُشْتَقٌّ — derived
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• غَايَة — goal
• اصْطِلَاحٌ — terminology
• تَأْدِيَة — performance
• جَلِيل — majestic
• وَاضِح — clear
• عِبَارَة — phrase
• صَحِيح — correct
• فَصِيح — eloquent
• نَفْس — soul
• أَثَر — effect
• خَلَّاب — captivating
• مُلَاءَمَة — suitability
• كَلَام — speech
• مَوْطِن — context
• شَخْص — person
• ثَلَاثَة — three
• بَيَان — clarification
• بَدِيع — innovation
• مَوْضُوع — topic
• دِرَاسَة — study
• هَدَف — goal
• دِينِيٌّ — religious
• تَذَوُّق — appreciation
• قُرْآن — Quran
• كَرِيم — noble
• حَدِيث — hadith
• نَبَوِيٌّ — prophetic
• شَرِيف — honorable
• أَدَبِيٌّ — literary
• تَأْلِيف — composition
• جَيِّد — good
• صِنَاعَة — craft
• أَدَب — literature
• نَقْدِيٌّ — critical
• قُدْرَة — ability
• تَمْيِيز — distinction
• رَدِيء — bad