Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 7, Semester 1 — Page 57

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بِحَرْفِ جَرٍّ؛ أَيْ أَنَّ حَرَكَةَ آخِرِهَا تَغَيَّرَتْ بِتَغَيُّرِ مَوْقِعِهَا فِي الْجُمْلَةِ؛ وَلِذَلِكَ نَقُولُ إِنَّهَا اسْمٌ مُعْرَبٌ، إِذْ إِنَّ الِاسْمَ الْمُعْرَبَ هُوَ الِاسْمُ الَّذِي تَتَغَيَّرُ حَرَكَةُ آخِرِهِ بِتَغَيُّرِ مَوْقِعِهِ الْإِعْرَابِيِّ.

with a preposition, meaning its final vowel changes according to its position in the sentence. We therefore call it an inflected noun (mu'rab), as an inflected noun is one whose final vowel changes based on its grammatical role.

أَمَّا الْكَلِمَةُ الَّتِي تَحْتَهَا خَطٌّ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ب)، وَهِيَ (هَؤُلَاءِ) فَتُلَاحِظُ أَنَّ حَرَكَةَ آخِرِهَا هِيَ الْكَسْرَةُ فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، مَعَ أَنَّهَا وَقَعَتْ مُبْتَدَأً فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ (وَالْأَصْلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرْفُوعاً)، وَوَقَعَتِ اسْماً لِـ (إِنَّ) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي (وَالْأَصْلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْصُوباً)، وَجَاءَتِ اسْماً مَجْرُوراً بِحَرْفِ الْجَرِّ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ، وَالسَّبَبُ فِي عَدَمِ تَغَيُّرِ الْحَرَكَةِ أَنَّهَا اسْمٌ مَبْنِيٌّ، فَالِاسْمُ الْمَبْنِيُّ هُوَ الِاسْمُ الَّذِي لَا تَتَغَيَّرُ حَرَكَةُ آخِرِهِ بِتَغَيُّرِ مَوْقِعِهِ الْإِعْرَابِيِّ، بَلْ يَلْزَمُ حَرَكَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَ(هَؤُلَاءِ) اسْمُ إِشَارَةٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْكَسْرِ.

As for the underlined word in the group (B) examples, 'ha'ula'i', notice that its final vowel remains a kasra in all three cases, even though it functions as the subject (mubtada') in the first example (where it would normally be nominative/marfu'), as the noun for 'inna' in the second (where it would normally be accusative/mansub), and as a noun governed by a preposition in the third. The reason the vowel does not change is that it is an indeclinable noun (mabni). An indeclinable noun is one whose final vowel does not change regardless of its grammatical position, but rather remains fixed. 'Ha'ula'i' is a demonstrative noun indeclinable on the kasra.

نَسْتَنْتِجُ: يُقْسَمُ الِاسْمُ إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ مُعْرَبٍ وَمَبْنِيٍّ.

Conclusion: Nouns are divided into two types: inflected (mu'rab) and indeclinable (mabni).

…7 more translated lines, 11 more verbs and 38 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 41 nouns)

• تَغَيَّرَ — to change
• قَالَ — to say
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• حَرْف — letter/particle
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• حَرَكَة — vowel/movement