Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 7, Semester 1 — Page 57

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بِحَرْفِ جَرٍّ؛ أَيْ أَنَّ حَرَكَةَ آخِرِهَا تَغَيَّرَتْ بِتَغَيُّرِ مَوْقِعِهَا فِي الْجُمْلَةِ؛ وَلِذَلِكَ نَقُولُ إِنَّهَا اسْمٌ مُعْرَبٌ، إِذْ إِنَّ الِاسْمَ الْمُعْرَبَ هُوَ الِاسْمُ الَّذِي تَتَغَيَّرُ حَرَكَةُ آخِرِهِ بِتَغَيُّرِ مَوْقِعِهِ الْإِعْرَابِيِّ.

(from previous page) ⟵ We observe the underlined word in the examples of group (A), which is (الساعة - the hour/watch), and we find that it came in the first example in the nominative case because it is a subject, in the second example in the accusative case because it is the noun of 'inna', and in the third example in the genitive case because it was preceded by a preposition; meaning that the vowel on its last letter changed with the change of its position in the sentence; and for that reason, we say that it is a declinable noun, as a declinable noun is the noun whose last vowel changes with the change of its grammatical position.

أَمَّا الْكَلِمَةُ الَّتِي تَحْتَهَا خَطٌّ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ب)، وَهِيَ (هَؤُلَاءِ) فَتُلَاحِظُ أَنَّ حَرَكَةَ آخِرِهَا هِيَ الْكَسْرَةُ فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، مَعَ أَنَّهَا وَقَعَتْ مُبْتَدَأً فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ (وَالْأَصْلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرْفُوعاً)، وَوَقَعَتِ اسْماً لِـ (إِنَّ) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي (وَالْأَصْلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْصُوباً)، وَجَاءَتِ اسْماً مَجْرُوراً بِحَرْفِ الْجَرِّ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ، وَالسَّبَبُ فِي عَدَمِ تَغَيُّرِ الْحَرَكَةِ أَنَّهَا اسْمٌ مَبْنِيٌّ، فَالِاسْمُ الْمَبْنِيُّ هُوَ الِاسْمُ الَّذِي لَا تَتَغَيَّرُ حَرَكَةُ آخِرِهِ بِتَغَيُّرِ مَوْقِعِهِ الْإِعْرَابِيِّ، بَلْ يَلْزَمُ حَرَكَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَ(هَؤُلَاءِ) اسْمُ إِشَارَةٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْكَسْرِ.

As for the underlined word in the group (B) examples, 'ha'ula'i', notice that its final vowel remains a kasra in all three cases, even though it functions as the subject (mubtada') in the first example (where it would normally be nominative/marfu'), as the noun for 'inna' in the second (where it would normally be accusative/mansub), and as a noun governed by a preposition in the third. The reason the vowel does not change is that it is an indeclinable noun (mabni). An indeclinable noun is one whose final vowel does not change regardless of its grammatical position, but rather remains fixed. 'Ha'ula'i' is a demonstrative noun indeclinable on the kasra.

نَسْتَنْتِجُ: يُقْسَمُ الِاسْمُ إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ مُعْرَبٍ وَمَبْنِيٍّ. -

Conclusion: Nouns are divided into two types: inflected (mu'rab) and indeclinable (mabni).

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Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 40 nouns)

• تَغَيَّرَ — to change
• قَالَ — to say
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• حَرْف — letter/particle
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• حَرَكَة — vowel/movement