Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 6, Semester 2 — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَمَّا أَمْثِلَةُ المَجْمُوعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، فَقَدْ دَلَّتِ الكَلِمَاتُ المُسْلِمُونَ، المُصَلِّينَ، المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الذُّكُورِ العَاقِلِينَ، أَوْ صِفَتِهِمْ.

Regarding the examples in the second group, the words 'Muslims', 'worshippers', and 'believers' denote more than two rational males or their descriptions.

وَسَلِمَتْ صُورَةُ مُفْرَدِهِ عِنْدَ الجَمْعِ بِزِيَادَةِ وَاوٍ وَنُونٍ أَوْ يَاءٍ وَنُونٍ عَلَى مُفْرَدِهِ العَاقِلِ، أَوْ صِفَتِهِ.

The singular form remains intact when pluralized by adding a waw and nun, or a ya and nun, to the rational singular noun or adjective.

وَبِمُلَاحَظَتِنَا الِاسْمَ (المُسْلِمُونَ) فِي المِثَالِ الأَوَّلِ، نَجِدُ أَنَّهُ مَرْفُوعٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ فَاعِلٌ، وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ (الوَاوُ)، وَهِيَ عَلَامَةٌ فَرْعِيَّةٌ.

Looking at the noun 'Muslims' in the first example, we find it is in the nominative case because it functions as the subject, with the waw serving as its secondary nominative marker.

أَمَّا الِاسْمُ (المُصَلِّينَ) فَجَاءَ مَنْصُوباً؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ (اليَاءُ).

The noun 'worshippers' is in the accusative case because it functions as the object, with the ya serving as its accusative marker.

وَالِاسْمُ (المُؤْمِنِينَ) جَاءَ مَجْرُوراً بِحَرْفِ جَرٍّ، وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ (اليَاءُ).

The noun 'believers' is in the genitive case following a preposition, with the ya serving as its genitive marker.

نَتَذَكَّرُ، ثُمَّ نَسْتَنْتِجُ:

We recall, then conclude:

١ - المُثَنَّى: اسْمٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ، أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ بِزِيَادَةِ أَلِفٍ وَنُونٍ، أَوْ يَاءٍ وَنُونٍ عَلَى مُفْرَدِهِ.

1 - The Dual: A noun indicating two persons or things, formed by adding an alif and nun, or a ya and nun, to the singular form.

عَلَامَةُ رَفْعِ المُثَنَّى الأَلِفُ، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ وَجَرِّهِ اليَاءُ.

The nominative marker for the dual is the alif, while the ya serves as the marker for both the accusative and genitive cases.

٢ - جَمْعُ المُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ: اسْمٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنِ اثْنَيْنِ مِنْ جِنْسِ المُذَكَّرِ العَاقِلِ، أَوْ صِفَتِهِ، بِزِيَادَةِ وَاوٍ وَنُونٍ، أَوْ يَاءٍ وَنُونٍ عَلَى مُفْرَدِهِ.

2 - The Sound Masculine Plural: A noun indicating more than two rational males, or their descriptions, formed by adding a waw and nun, or a ya and nun, to the singular form.

تَبْقَى صُورَةُ أَحْرُفِ مُفْرَدِهِ سَالِمَةً مِنَ التَّغَيُّرِ عِنْدَ الجَمْعِ، وَلِذَا سُمِّيَ سَالِماً.

The letters of the singular form remain unchanged during pluralization, which is why it is called 'sound'.

* عَلَامَةُ رَفْعِ جَمْعِ المُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ (الوَاوُ)، وَعَلَامَتَا نَصْبِهِ وَجَرِّهِ (اليَاءُ).

* The nominative marker for the sound masculine plural is the waw, while the ya serves as the marker for both the accusative and genitive cases.

Vocabulary · المفردات (8 verbs · 36 nouns)

• دَلَّ — to indicate
• سَلِمَ — to remain safe
• وَجَدَ — to find
• جَاءَ — to come
• تَذَكَّرَ — to remember
• اِسْتَنْتَجَ — to conclude
• بَقِيَ — to remain
• سَمَّى — to name
• مِثَال — example
• مَجْمُوعَة — group
• كَلِمَة — word
• مُسْلِم — Muslim
• مُصَلِّي — worshipper
• مُؤْمِن — believer
• ذَكَر — male
• عَاقِل — rational
• صِفَة — adjective
• صُورَة — form
• مُفْرَد — singular
• جَمْع — plural
• زِيَادَة — addition
• وَاو — waw
• نُون — nun
• يَاء — ya
• اسْم — noun
• أَوَّل — first
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• فَاعِل — subject
• عَلَامَة — sign
• رَفْع — nominative case
• فَرْعِيّ — secondary
• مَنْصُوب — accusative
• مَفْعُول — object
• نَصْب — accusative case
• مَجْرُور — genitive
• حَرْف — letter/particle
• جَرّ — genitive case
• مُثَنَّى — dual
• أَلِف — alif
• مُذَكَّر — masculine
• سَالِم — sound
• جِنْس — gender/type
• تَغَيُّر — change
• مُلَاحَظَة — note