Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 78

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَإِذَا أَعَدْنَا النَّظَرَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى إِلَى اسْمِ التَّفْضِيلِ (أَنْفَعُ)، وَجَدْنَاهُ مُشْتَقّاً مِنَ الْفِعْلِ الثُّلَاثِيِّ (نَفَعَ)، وَقَدْ تَحَقَّقَتْ فِيهِ الشُّرُوطُ الْآتِيَةُ: فِعْلٌ ثُلَاثِيٌّ، تَامٌّ، مُتَصَرِّفٌ، مُثْبَتٌ، مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَعْلُومِ، قَابِلٌ لِلتَّفَاوُتِ (أَيِ الزِّيَادَةِ أَوِ النُّقْصَانِ)، وَلَيْسَ الْوَصْفُ مِنْهُ عَلَى وَزْنِ (أَفْعَلَ) الَّذِي مُؤَنَّثُهُ (فَعْلَاءُ).

(from previous page) ⟵ You notice that the two words (knowledge) and (money) in the examples of group (A) shared one characteristic, which is benefit, and that the word (knowledge) increased in this characteristic over (money), and that the preference (increase) in the characteristic came by using the word (more beneficial), which is called the elative noun, and we notice that it is a derived noun on the pattern of (af'al), and what precedes the elative noun (the word knowledge) is called the preferred, and what follows it (the word money) is called the preferred upon. And if we look again at the elative noun (more beneficial), we find it derived from the triliteral verb (benefited), and the following conditions have been met in it: a triliteral verb, complete, inflected, affirmative, active voice, capable of variation (i.e., increase or decrease), and its description is not on the pattern of (af'ala) whose feminine is (fa'laa').

وَعِنْدَمَا تَتَحَقَّقُ الشُّرُوطُ السَّابِقَةُ، يُصَاغُ اسْمُ التَّفْضِيلِ بِطَرِيقَةٍ مُبَاشِرَةٍ عَلَى وَزْنِ (أَفْعَلَ).

When these conditions are met, the superlative noun is formed directly using the pattern (af'alu).

وَفِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي نَجِدُ أَنَّ الْفِعْلَ (قَاطَعَ)، قَدْ فَقَدَ شَرْطاً مِنَ الشُّرُوطِ السَّابِقَةِ، حَيْثُ جَاءَ غَيْرَ ثُلَاثِيٍّ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ الْقَوْلُ: (الْمُخْلِصُونَ أَقْطَعُ لِلْبَضَائِعِ الْإِسْرَائِيلِيَّةِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ)، وَلِذَا فَإِنَّنَا فَاضَلْنَا بِطَرِيقَةٍ غَيْرِ مُبَاشِرَةٍ؛ حَيْثُ أَتَيْنَا فِي هَذِهِ الْحَالَةِ بِاسْمِ تَفْضِيلٍ مُلَائِمٍ لِلْمَعْنَى، مِثْلَ (أَشَدَّ)، ثُمَّ وَضَعْنَا مَصْدَرَ الْفِعْلِ (قَاطَعَ)، وَهُوَ (مُقَاطَعَةً) بَعْدَهُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ تَمْيِيزٌ، فَقُلْنَا: الْمُخْلِصُونَ أَشَدُّ مُقَاطَعَةً.

In the second example, the verb (qata'a) fails to meet one of the conditions because it is not triliteral. Therefore, one cannot say: (The sincere are more boycotting of Israeli goods than others). We must use an indirect comparison: we select a suitable superlative noun like (ashaddu) and follow it with the verbal noun (muqata'atan) as a specifier, resulting in: The sincere are more intense in boycotting.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 48 nouns)

• أَعَادَ — to repeat
• وَجَدَ — to find
• نَفَعَ — to benefit
• نَظَر — view
• اسْمٌ — noun
• تَفْضِيل — preference