Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 40

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَالِاسْتِثْنَاءُ مُفَرَّغٌ، وَفِي هَذِهِ الْحَالَةِ تُعْرَبُ (غَيْر وَسِوَى) وَفْقَ مَوْقِعِهِمَا فِي الْجُمْلَةِ رَفْعاً أَوْ نَصْباً أَوْ جَرّاً، فَتُعْرَبُ (غَيْر) فِي هَذَا الْمِثَالِ فَاعِلاً مَرْفُوعاً، وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.

The exception is 'mufragh' (void), and in this case, 'ghayr' and 'siwa' are parsed according to their position in the sentence, whether in the nominative, accusative, or genitive case. Thus, in this example, 'ghayr' is parsed as a nominative subject, marked by the visible damma.

الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ وَإِذَا عُدْنَا إِلَى أَمْثِلَةِ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ب)، فَنَجِدُ أَنَّ كُلّاً مِنْهَا قَدِ اسْتَوْفَى أَرْكَانَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ، وَأَنَّ أَدَاةَ هِيَ (مَا خَلَا) فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَ(مَا عَدَا) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي، وَ(حَاشَا) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ، وَنُلَاحِظُ أَنَّ مَا بَعْدَ (مَا عَدَا، وَمَا خَلَا) وَهُوَ الْمُسْتَثْنَى قَدْ جَاءَ مَنْصُوباً عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لَهُمَا، وَهَذَا يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمَا فِعْلَانِ مَاضِيَانِ مَسْبُوقَانِ بِـ(مَا) الْمَصْدَرِيَّةِ، وَفَاعِلُهُمَا ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ وُجُوباً، تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ.

Exception: Returning to the examples in group (B), we find that each fulfills the criteria for an exception. The tool used is 'ma khala' in the first example, 'ma 'ada' in the second, and 'hasha' in the third. We note that the noun following 'ma 'ada' and 'ma khala'—the exception itself—is in the accusative case, acting as their direct object. This means they are past-tense verbs preceded by the infinitive 'ma', with an obligatory hidden pronoun as their subject, estimated as 'he'.

أَمَّا (حَاشَا) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ فَجَاءَ مَا بَعْدَهَا مَجْرُوراً، عَلَى أَنَّهَا حَرْفُ جَرٍّ، وَمَا بَعْدَهَا اسْمٌ مَجْرُورٌ بِهَا، فَالْأُسْلُوبُ يُفِيدُ مَعْنَى الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ، لَكِنَّنَا لَا نَذْكُرُ كَلِمَةَ الْمُسْتَثْنَى فِي الْإِعْرَابِ.

As for 'hasha' in the third example, the word following it is in the genitive case because it functions as a preposition, and the following noun is governed by it. The construction conveys the meaning of an exception, but we do not use the term 'exception' in the parsing.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 56 nouns)

• عَرَبَ — to parse
• عَادَ — to return
• وَجَدَ — to find
• اسْتِثْنَاء — exception
• مُفَرَّغ — incomplete exception
• حَالَة — case