Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 21

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَإِذَا تَأَمَّلْنَا الْمِثَالَ الثَّانِيَ مِنَ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ نَفْسِهَا، نَجِدُ الْجُمْلَةَ تُخْبِرُنَا أَنَّ مَوْسِمَ قَطْفِ الزَّيْتُونِ مِنْ أَجْمَلِ الْمَوَاسِمِ الزِّرَاعِيَّةِ فِي فِلَسْطِينَ، فَهِيَ تَحْتَمِلُ وَجْهَيْنِ هُمَا: الصِّدْقُ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُطَابِقَةً لِلْوَاقِعِ، وَالْكَذِبُ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُخَالِفَةً لَهُ.

If we examine the second example from the same group, we find that the sentence tells us the olive harvest is one of the most beautiful agricultural seasons in Palestine. It admits two possibilities: truth, if it corresponds to reality, and falsehood, if it contradicts it.

وَكَذَلِكَ الْمِثَالُ الثَّالِثُ، نَجِدُ الْجُمْلَةَ تُخْبِرُنَا أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمَسِيحِيِّينَ عَاشُوا فِي الْقُدْسِ مُتَحَابِّينَ مُتَعَاوِنِينَ، فَهِيَ أَيْضاً تَحْتَمِلُ وَجْهَيْنِ: الصِّدْقُ أَوِ الْكَذِبُ، فَهَذَا الْكَلَامُ الَّذِي يَصِحُّ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ: إِنَّهُ صَادِقٌ فِيهِ أَوْ كَاذِبٌ يُسَمَّى خَبَراً.

The same applies to the third example, where the sentence tells us that Muslims and Christians lived in Jerusalem in love and cooperation. This, too, admits two possibilities: truth or falsehood. Speech that allows one to say to the speaker, 'You are truthful or you are lying,' is called a declarative statement (khabar).

إِمَّا إِذَا تَأَمَّلْنَا أَمْثِلَةَ الْمَجْمُوعَةِ (ب)، فَنَجِدُ أَنَّ الرَّسُولَ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - قَدِ اسْتَخْدَمَ أُسْلُوبَ النِّدَاءِ (يَا مُعَاذُ) فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَكَذَلِكَ أُسْلُوبَ الِاسْتِفْهَامِ هَلْ تَدْرِي، وَأُسْلُوبَ الْأَمْرِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي (فَلْيَعُدْ)، فَهُوَ لَا يُعْلِمُنَا بِحُصُولِ شَيْءٍ أَوْ عَدَمِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُنَادِي وَيَسْتَفْهِمُ وَيَأْمُرُ، وَهُوَ كَلَامٌ لَا يَصِحُّ أَنْ يُوصَفَ بِالصِّدْقِ أَوِ الْكَذِبِ.

However, if we look at the examples in group (B), we find that the Messenger—peace be upon him—used the vocative style ('O Mu'adh') in the first example, as well as an interrogative style ('Do you know?'), and an imperative style in the second example ('Let him return'). He is not informing us of the occurrence or absence of something; rather, he is calling, questioning, and commanding. This is speech that cannot be described as true or false.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (26 verbs · 51 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• أَخْبَرَ — to inform
• مِثَال — example
• مَجْمُوعَة — group
• نَفْس — self