Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 1 — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

البَلاغَةُ.

Rhetoric.

التَّشْبِيهُ (١).

Simile (1).

نَقْرَأُ الأَمْثِلَةَ الآتِيَةَ:

Let us read the following examples:

-١- قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: "أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِن فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِن قَرَارٍ".

1- God Almighty said: "Have you not considered how God presents an example: a good word is like a good tree, its root firmly fixed and its branches reaching into the sky. It yields its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord. God presents examples for the people so that they may be reminded. The example of a bad word is like a bad tree, uprooted from the surface of the earth, having no stability."

٢- كَانَ عُمَرُ فِي رَعِيَّتِهِ كَالْمِيزَانِ فِي الْعَدْلِ، وَكَانَ فِيهِمْ كَالْوَالِدِ فِي الرَّحْمَةِ وَالْعَطْفِ.

2- Umar was like a scale in his justice among his subjects, and like a father in his mercy and affection toward them.

-٣- الْعَالِمُ مِثْلُ السِّرَاجِ فِي الْهِدَايَةِ وَتَبْدِيدِ الظَّلَامِ.

3- The scholar is like a lamp in providing guidance and dispelling darkness.

٤- الْكَرِيمُ فِي نَظَرِ الْحَاسِدِ كَأَنَّهُ النَّارُ فِي هَوْلِهَا وَشِدَّتِهَا، وَمَعَ الْإِخْوَانِ كَأَنَّهُ الْمَاءُ الْجَارِي فِي صَفَائِهِ وَعُذُوبَتِهِ.

4- To the envious, the generous person is like fire in its terror and intensity, while among his brothers, he is like flowing water in its purity and sweetness.

تُنَاقِشُ وَنُلَاحِظُ:

Discussion and observation:

بِمَ شُبِّهَتْ كُلٌّ مِنَ الْكَلِمَةِ الطَّيِّبَةِ، وَالْكَلِمَةِ الْخَبِيثَةِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ؟

What are the good word and the bad word likened to in the first example?

وَبِمَ شُبِّهَ عُمَرُ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي؟

What is Umar likened to in the second example?

وَمَا الْعَلَاقَةُ الْمُشْتَرَكَةُ بَيْنَ كُلٍّ مِنَ الْكَلِمَةِ الطَّيِّبَةِ وَالشَّجَرَةِ الطَّيِّبَةِ، وَالْكَلِمَةِ الْخَبِيثَةِ وَالشَّجَرَةِ الْخَبِيثَةِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ؟

What is the common relationship between the good word and the good tree, and between the bad word and the bad tree in the first example?

وَبَيْنَ عُمَرَ وَالْمِيزَانِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي؟

What is the relationship between Umar and the scale in the second example?

وَبَيْنَ الْعَالِمِ وَالسِّرَاجِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّالِثِ؟

What is the relationship between the scholar and the lamp in the third example?

وَبَيْنَ الْكَرِيمِ فِي نَظَرِ الْحَاسِدِ وَالنَّارِ، وَبَيْنَ الْكَرِيمِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَانِ وَالْمَاءِ الْجَارِي فِي الْمِثَالِ الرَّابِعِ؟

What is the relationship between the generous person and fire in the eyes of the envious, and between the generous person and flowing water among his brothers in the fourth example?

تُلاحِظُ أَنَّ الْعَلَاقَةَ الْمُشْتَرَكَةَ الَّتِي أَقَامَهَا الْقُرْآنُ بَيْنَ كُلٍّ مِنَ الْكَلِمَةِ الطَّيِّبَةِ وَالشَّجَرَةِ الطَّيِّبَةِ هِيَ الرُّسُوخُ وَالثَّبَاتُ، وَبَيْنَ الْكَلِمَةِ الْخَبِيثَةِ وَالشَّجَرَةِ الْخَبِيثَةِ هِيَ عَدَمُ الرُّسُوخِ وَعَدَمُ الثَّبَاتِ، فَهَذِهِ الْعَلَاقَةُ الْمُشْتَرَكَةُ هِيَ مَا يُعْرَفُ بِوَجْهِ الشَّبَهِ.

You will notice that the common relationship the Quran establishes between the good word and the good tree is firmness and stability, while between the bad word and the bad tree, it is a lack of firmness and stability. This common relationship is known as the point of resemblance (wajh al-shabah).

وَإِذَا تَأَمَّلْنَا الْأَمْثِلَةَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، نَجِدُ أَنَّ التَّشْبِيهَ يَقُومُ عَلَى الْعَنَاصِرِ الْآتِيَةِ:

If we examine the examples again, we find that a simile is based on the following elements:

شَيْءٍ يُرَادُ تَشْبِيهُهُ، وَإِبْرَازُ صِفَتِهِ، وَيُسَمَّى الْمُشَبَّهُ.

The thing being likened, whose quality is being highlighted, called the mushabbah.

شَيْءٍ يُشَبَّهُ بِهِ، وَتَتَّضِحُ فِيهِ تِلْكَ الصِّفَةُ، وَيُسَمَّى الْمُشَبَّهُ بِهِ، وَيُسَمَّى كُلٌّ مِنَ الْمُشَبَّهِ وَالْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ طَرَفَيِ التَّشْبِيهِ.

The thing to which it is likened, in which that quality is evident, called the mushabbah bihi. Both the mushabbah and the mushabbah bihi are referred to as the two sides of the simile.

Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 50 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• رَأَى — to see
• ضَرَبَ — to strike
• آتَى — to give
• ذَكَرَ — to remember
• اجْتَثَّ — to uproot
• كَانَ — to be
• نَاقَشَ — to discuss
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• شَبَّهَ — to liken
• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• قَامَ — to stand
• أَرَادَ — to want
• سَمَّى — to name
• اتَّضَحَ — to become clear
• بَلَاغَة — rhetoric
• تَشْبِيه — simile
• مِثَال — example
• مَثَل — parable
• كَلِمَة — word
• شَجَرَة — tree
• أَصْل — root
• فَرْع — branch
• سَمَاء — sky
• أُكُل — fruit
• حِين — time
• إِذْن — permission
• رَبّ — lord
• نَاس — people
• أَرْض — earth
• قَرَار — stability
• رَعِيَّة — subjects
• مِيزَان — scale
• عَدْل — justice
• وَالِد — parent
• رَحْمَة — mercy
• عَطْف — kindness
• عَالِم — scholar
• سِرَاج — lamp
• هِدَايَة — guidance
• تَبْدِيد — dispelling
• ظَلَام — darkness
• كَرِيم — generous
• نَظَر — view
• حَاسِد — envious person
• نَار — fire
• هَوْل — terror
• شِدَّة — intensity
• أَخ — brother
• مَاء — water
• صَفَاء — clarity
• عُذُوبَة — sweetness
• عَلَاقَة — relationship
• رُسُوخ — firmness
• ثَبَات — stability
• عَدَم — lack
• وَجْه — aspect
• شَبَه — resemblance
• مَرَّة — time
• عُنْصُر — element
• إِبْرَاز — highlighting
• صِفَة — attribute
• طَرَف — side
• مُشْتَرَكَة — shared (feminine)
• إِخْوَان — brothers