Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 1 — Page 15

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

نَسْتَنْتِجُ: ١- الْحَالُ: وَصْفٌ، نَكِرَةٌ، مَنْصُوبٌ، يُبَيِّنُ هَيْئَةَ صَاحِبِهِ، وَيَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَوَاباً عَنْ سُؤَالٍ بِـ (كَيْفَ).

We conclude: 1- The state (al-hal): a descriptive, indefinite, accusative noun that clarifies the condition of its subject and serves as an answer to the question 'how?'

يَكُونُ الْحَالُ مَنْصُوباً، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ، مِثْلُ: أَقْبَلَ الطَّالِبُ مُبْتَهِجاً، أَوِ الْيَاءُ فِي الْمُثَنَّى، وَجَمْعِ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ، مِثْلُ: أَقْبَلَ الطَّالِبَانِ مُبْتَهِجَيْنِ، وَأَقْبَلَ الطُّلَّابُ مُبْتَهِجِينَ، أَوِ الْكَسْرَةُ بَدَلاً مِنَ الْفَتْحَةِ فِي جَمْعِ الْمُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ، مِثْلُ: أَقْبَلَتِ الطَّالِبَاتُ مُبْتَهِجَاتٍ.

The state is accusative, marked by a fatha, as in: 'The student arrived joyful.' It is marked by a ya in the dual and sound masculine plural, as in: 'The two students arrived joyful' and 'The students arrived joyful.' It is marked by a kasra instead of a fatha in the sound feminine plural, as in: 'The female students arrived joyful.'

٢- صَاحِبُ الْحَالِ: اسْمٌ يُبَيِّنُ الْحَالُ هَيْئَتَهُ، وَيُعْرَبُ وَفْقَ مَوْقِعِهِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، مِثْلُ: أَقْبَلَ الطَّالِبُ مُبْتَسِماً؛ فَالطَّالِبُ: فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ، وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ عَلَى آخِرِهِ.

2- The owner of the state: a noun whose condition the state clarifies, which is parsed according to its grammatical role in the sentence, as in: 'The student arrived smiling.' Here, 'the student' is a nominative subject marked by a visible damma at its end.

٣- الْحَالُ الْمُفْرَدُ: مَا لَيْسَ جُمْلَةً، وَلَا شِبْهَ جُمْلَةٍ، وَيُطَابِقُ صَاحِبَهُ فِي التَّذْكِيرِ وَالتَّأْنِيثِ، وَالْإِفْرَادِ وَالتَّثْنِيَةِ وَالْجَمْعِ.

3- The singular state: a state that is neither a sentence nor a phrase, which matches its owner in gender, as well as in singular, dual, or plural number.

نَمُوذَجَانِ إِعْرَابِيَّانِ: نُعْرِبُ مَا تَحْتَهُ خُطُوطٌ فِيمَا يَأْتِي:

Two parsing examples: We will parse the underlined words below:

١- قَالَ تَعَالَى: "وَخُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ ضَعِيفًا".

1- God Almighty said: 'Man was created weak.'

الْإِنسَانُ: نَائِبُ فَاعِلٍ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ عَلَى آخِرِهِ.

Al-insan (man): a nominative deputy subject marked by a visible damma at its end.

ضَعِيفاً: حَالٌ مَنْصُوبٌ، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ عَلَى آخِرِهِ.

Da'ifan (weak): an accusative state marked by a visible fatha at its end.

٢- قَالَ تَعَالَى: "فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ".

2- God Almighty said: 'Then God sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners.'

النَّبِيِّينَ: مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْيَاءُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ جَمْعُ مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِمٌ.

An-nabiyyin (the prophets): an accusative direct object marked by the ya, because it is a sound masculine plural.

مُبَشِّرِينَ: حَالٌ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْيَاءُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ جَمْعُ مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِمٌ.

Mubashshirin (bringers of good tidings): an accusative state marked by the ya, because it is a sound masculine plural.

Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 40 nouns)

• اِسْتَنْتَجَ — to conclude
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• صَلُحَ — to suit
• كَانَ — to be
• أَقْبَلَ — to approach
• اِبْتَهَجَ — to rejoice
• اِبْتَسَمَ — to smile
• أَعْرَبَ — to parse
• طَابَقَ — to match
• أَتَى — to come
• خَلَقَ — to create
• بَعَثَ — to send
• بَشَّرَ — to bring good news
• أَنْذَرَ — to warn
• حَال — state
• وَصْف — description
• نَكِرَة — indefinite
• هَيْئَة — condition
• صَاحِب — owner
• جَوَاب — answer
• سُؤَال — question
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• نَصْب — accusative case
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• يَاء — ya
• مُثَنَّى — dual
• جَمْع — plural
• مُذَكَّر — masculine
• سَالِم — sound
• كَسْرَة — kasra
• مُؤَنَّث — feminine
• اسْمٌ — noun
• مَوْقِع — position
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• فَاعِل — subject
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• ضَمَّة — damma
• ظَاهِر — apparent
• آخِرٌ — end
• مُفْرَد — singular
• شِبْه — resemblance
• تَذْكِير — masculinization
• تَأْنِيث — feminization
• إِفْرَاد — singularity
• تَثْنِيَة — dualization
• نَمُوذَج — model
• إِعْرَابِيٌّ — grammatical
• خَطٌّ — line
• نَائِب — deputy
• مَفْعُول — object
• بَشِير — bringer of good news
• مُنْذِر — warner
• مُبْتَهِج — cheerful
• إِنْسَان — human