Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 3 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 9

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

إِذَا حَذَفْتَ هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةَ لَا تَتِمُّ الْفَائِدَةُ بِالْمُبْتَدَإِ وَحْدَهُ

If you remove this sentence, the subject alone fails to convey a complete meaning.

وَلَمَّا كَانَ الْخَبَرُ دَائِمًا هُوَ الَّذِي يُتَمِّمُ الْفَائِدَةَ ، وَجَبَ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةُ خَبَرَ الْمُبْتَدَإِ

Since the predicate is always what completes the meaning, this sentence must function as the predicate of the subject.

وَمِنَ السَّهْلِ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ مِنَ الْأَمْثِلَةِ أَنَّ كُلَّ جُمْلَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْجُمَلِ تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى ضَمِيرٍ يَرْبِطُهَا بِالْمُبْتَدَإِ

It is easy to see from these examples that each sentence contains a pronoun linking it back to the subject.

ثُمَّ انْظُرْ إِلَى الطَّائِفَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِنَ الْأَمْثِلَةِ ، تَجِدْ بَعْدَ كُلِّ مُبْتَدَإٍ اسْمًا مَرْفُوعًا

Now look at the second group of examples; you will find a nominative noun following each subject.

فَهَلْ هَذَا الِاسْمُ هُوَ الْخَبَرُ ؟ لَا ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا تَتِمُّ بِهِ الْفَائِدَةُ

Is this noun the predicate? No, because it does not complete the meaning on its own.

غَيْرَ أَنَّكَ إِذَا نَظَرْتَ إِلَى الْعِبَارَةِ كُلِّهَا الَّتِي جَاءَتْ بَعْدَ كُلِّ مُبْتَدَإٍ ، رَأَيْتَهَا تَتَأَلَّفُ مِنْ اسْمَيْنِ مَرْفُوعَيْنِ يَكُونَانِ جُمْلَةً اسْمِيَّةً

However, if you look at the entire phrase following each subject, you will see it consists of two nominative nouns forming a nominal sentence.

وَرَأَيْتَ أَنَّ الْفَائِدَةَ تَتِمُّ بِهَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ الِاسْمِيَّةِ ، فَهَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةُ إِذًا هِيَ الْخَبَرُ

Since the meaning is completed by this nominal sentence, it serves as the predicate.

وَإِذَا رَجَعْتَ إِلَى كُلِّ جُمْلَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْجُمَلِ وَجَدْتَ أَنَّهَا تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى ضَمِيرٍ يَرْبِطُهَا بِالْمُبْتَدَإِ

If you examine each of these sentences again, you will find they all contain a pronoun that connects them to the subject.

تَأَمَّلْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الطَّائِفَةَ الثَّالِثَةَ ، تَجِدْ بَعْدَ كُلِّ مُبْتَدَإٍ حَرْفَ جَرٍّ وَاسْمًا مَجْرُورًا بِهِ ، وَأَنَّ الْفَائِدَةَ تَتِمُّ بِهِمَا مَعًا

Consider the third group, where you will find a preposition and its noun following each subject, together completing the meaning.

فَخَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَإِ إِذًا هُوَ الْجَارُّ وَالْمَجْرُورُ

The predicate of the subject is therefore the prepositional phrase.

وَيُسَمَّى الْجَارُّ وَالْمَجْرُورُ هُنَا شِبْهَ جُمْلَةٍ

This prepositional phrase is referred to here as a quasi-sentence.

وَإِذَا بَحَثْتَ فِي الطَّائِفَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ رَأَيْتَ بَعْدَ كُلِّ مُبْتَدَإٍ ظَرْفَ مَكَانٍ أَوْ زَمَانٍ وَأَنَّ الْفَائِدَةَ تَمَّتْ بِهَذَا الظَّرْفِ ، فَيَكُونُ هُوَ الْخَبَرُ

If you look at the fourth group, you will see an adverb of place or time following each subject, which completes the meaning and thus acts as the predicate.

وَيُسَمَّى هَذَا أَيْضًا شِبْهَ جُمْلَةٍ

This is also called a quasi-sentence.

كَمَا يَكُونُ خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَإِ مُفْرَدًا يَكُونُ جُمْلَةً فِعْلِيَّةً ، أَوْ جُمْلَةً اسْمِيَّةً ، أَوْ شِبْهَ جُمْلَةٍ : أَيْ ظَرْفًا أَوْ جَارًّا وَمَجْرُورًا

Just as the predicate can be a single word, it can also be a verbal sentence, a nominal sentence, or a quasi-sentence, such as an adverb or a prepositional phrase.

Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 17 nouns)

• حَذَفَ — to delete
• تَمَّ — to be completed
• كَانَ — to be
• أَتَمَّ — to complete
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• أَدْرَكَ — to realize
• اشْتَمَلَ — to include
• رَبَطَ — to connect
• نَظَرَ — to look
• وَجَدَ — to find
• جَاءَ — to come
• رَأَى — to see
• تَأَلَّفَ — to consist of
• رَجَعَ — to return
• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• جَرَّ — to pull
• سَمَّى — to name
• بَحَثَ — to search
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• فَائِدَةٌ — benefit
• مُبْتَدَأٌ — subject
• خَبَرٌ — predicate
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• ضَمِيرٌ — pronoun
• طَائِفَةٌ — group
• اسْمٌ — noun
• عِبَارَةٌ — phrase
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• جَرٌّ — preposition
• مَجْرُورٌ — genitive
• شِبْهٌ — resemblance
• ظَرْفٌ — adverb
• مَكَانٌ — place
• زَمَانٌ — time
• قَاعِدَةٌ — rule