Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 3 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 66

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

إِذَا جَاءَتْ فِي أَوَّلِ الْكَلَامِ ، رَأَيْتَ أَنَّهَا مَكْسُورَةٌ فِي جَمِيعِ الْأَفْعَالِ ، وَالْمَصَادِرِ إِلَّا فِي أَمْرِ الثُّلَاثِيِّ الَّذِي قَبْلَ آخِرِهِ ضَمَّةٌ كَمَا فِي الْمِثَالَيْنِ الْآخَرَيْنِ

If it comes at the beginning of speech, you will see that it is kasra-voweled in all verbs and verbal nouns, except in the imperative of the trilateral verb which has a damma before its end, as in the other two examples.

بَعْدَ هَذَا لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَعْرِفَ هَمْزَةَ الْمَاضِي الرُّبَاعِيِّ ، وَأَمْرَهُ ، وَمَصْدَرَهُ ، كَأَرْسَلَ ، وَأَرْسِلْ ، وَإِرْسَالٍ ، وَهَذِهِ هَمْزَةٌ يُنْطَقُ بِهَا فِي دَرَجِ الْكَلَامِ وَتُسَمَّى هَمْزَةَ قَطْعٍ

After this, nothing remains except to know the hamza of the past quadrilateral verb, its imperative, and its verbal noun, such as 'arsala', 'arsil', and 'irsal', and this is a hamza that is pronounced in the flow of speech and is called hamzat al-qat'.

وَكُلُّ الْهَمَزَاتِ الَّتِي فِي أَوَّلِ الْأَسْمَاءِ هَمَزَاتُ قَطْعٍ إِلَّا فِي الْأَسْمَاءِ الْآتِيَةِ وَهِيَ : ابْنٌ وَاسْمٌ وَابْنُمٌ وَاسْتٌ وَابْنَةٌ وَايْمُنٌ وَامْرُؤٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ وَاثْنَانِ وَاثْنَتَانِ

All hamzas that are at the beginning of nouns are hamzat al-qat', except in the following nouns, which are: ibn, ism, ibnum, ist, ibna, aymun, imru', imra'a, ithnan, and ithnatan.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 39 nouns)

• جَاءَ — to come
• رَأَى — to see
• بَقِيَ — to remain
• أَوَّل — beginning
• كَلَام — speech
• مَكْسُور — vowelized with kasra