Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 3 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 52

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَلِفًا. وَضَمَّ مَا قَبْلَهَا إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَلِفًا.

An alif. And the preceding letter is given a damma if it is not an alif.

إِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ الْمَاضِي النَّاقِصِ يَاءً، أَوْ وَاوًا، وَأُسْنِدَ إِلَى غَيْرِ الْوَاوِ مِنَ الضَّمَائِرِ الْبَارِزَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحْدُثُ فِيهِ تَغْيِيرٌ.

If the end of a defective past verb is a ya or a waw, and it is attributed to a pronoun other than the waw of the apparent pronouns, then no change occurs in it.

إِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ الْمَاضِي النَّاقِصِ أَلِفًا وَأُسْنِدَ إِلَى غَيْرِ الْوَاوِ مِنْ ضَمَائِرِ الرَّفْعِ الْبَارِزَةِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلَاثِيًّا رُدَّتِ الْأَلِفُ إِلَى أَصْلِهَا، وَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ قُلِبَتِ الْأَلِفُ يَاءً.

If the end of a defective past verb is an alif and it is attributed to a pronoun other than the waw of the apparent nominative pronouns, then if it is triliteral, the alif is returned to its origin, and if it exceeds three, the alif is turned into a ya.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 35 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• أَسْنَدَ — to attach to
• حَدَثَ — to happen
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• مَاضٍ — past
• نَاقِصٌ — defective