Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 3 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 5

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

البَحْثُ: انْظُرْ إِلَى الْمُبْتَدَإِ فِي كُلِّ طَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ، وَوَازِنْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْخَبَرِ، تَجِدْ أَنَّ الْمُبْتَدَأَ فِي الطَّائِفَةِ الْأُولَى مُفْرَدٌ مُذَكَّرٌ وَأَنَّ الْخَبَرَ كَذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّهُ فِي الطَّائِفَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مُفْرَدٌ مُؤَنَّثٌ وَكَذَلِكَ الْخَبَرُ، وَإِذَا نَظَرْتَ إِلَى الطَّائِفَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ رَأَيْتَ الْمُبْتَدَأَ مُثَنًّى مُذَكَّرًا وَرَأَيْتَ الْخَبَرَ مِثْلَهُ، وَتَجِدُ فِي الطَّائِفَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ كُلًّا مِنَ الْمُبْتَدَإِ وَالْخَبَرِ مُثَنًّى مُؤَنَّثًا، وَفِي الطَّائِفَةِ الْخَامِسَةِ تَرَى الْمُبْتَدَأَ جَمْعَ مُذَكَّرٍ عَاقِلٍ وَالْخَبَرَ كَذَلِكَ، أَمَّا الطَّائِفَةُ السَّادِسَةُ فَالْمُبْتَدَأُ فِيهَا إِمَّا جَمْعُ مُؤَنَّثٍ عَاقِلٍ وَهُوَ «السَّيِّدَاتُ» فِي مِثَالِنَا وَخَبَرُهُ جَمْعُ مُؤَنَّثٍ عَاقِلٍ أَيْضًا، وَإِمَّا جَمْعُ مُؤَنَّثٍ سَالِمٌ لِغَيْرِ الْعَاقِلِ، أَوْ جَمْعُ تَكْسِيرٍ لِغَيْرِ الْعَاقِلِ، وَخَبَرُ هَذَيْنِ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَمْعَ مُؤَنَّثٍ وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُفْرَدًا مُؤَنَّثًا.

Discussion: Look at the subject (mubtada') in each group of the preceding examples, and compare it with the predicate (khabar); you will find that the subject in the first group is singular masculine and the predicate is likewise, and that in the second group it is singular feminine and the predicate is likewise. If you look at the third group, you will see the subject is dual masculine and you will see the predicate is like it, and you will find in the fourth group both the subject and the predicate are dual feminine. In the fifth group, you see the subject is a rational masculine plural and the predicate is likewise. As for the sixth group, the subject in it is either a rational feminine plural, which is 'the ladies' in our example, and its predicate is also a rational feminine plural, or it is a sound feminine plural for a non-rational, or a broken plural for a non-rational, and the predicate of these two may be a feminine plural or it may be a singular feminine.

الْقَوَاعِدُ: (١٠٢) الْخَبَرُ يُطَابِقُ الْمُبْتَدَأَ فِي الْإِفْرَادِ وَالتَّثْنِيَةِ وَالْجَمْعِ وَالتَّذْكِيرِ وَالتَّأْنِيثِ.

Rules: (102) The predicate corresponds to the subject in singularity, duality, plurality, masculinity, and femininity.

إِذَا كَانَ الْمُبْتَدَأُ جَمْعًا لِغَيْرِ عَاقِلٍ يَجُوزُ الْإِخْبَارُ عَنْهُ بِالْجَمْعِ وَبِالْمُفْرَدِ الْمُؤَنَّثِ.

(103) If the subject is a plural for a non-rational, it is permissible to predicate about it using the plural or the singular feminine.

تَمْرِينُ (١) اجْعَلْ كُلَّ اسْمٍ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْآتِيَةِ مُبْتَدَأً وَأَخْبِرْ.

Exercise (1): Make each of the following nouns a subject and provide a predicate for it.

Vocabulary · المفردات (9 verbs · 22 nouns)

• نَظَرَ — to look
• وَازَنَ — to compare
• وَجَدَ — to find
• رَأَى — to see
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• كَانَ — to be
• طَابَقَ — to correspond
• أَخْبَرَ — to provide a predicate
• جَعَلَ — to make
• بَحْث — research
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• طَائِفَة — group
• مِثَال — an example
• خَبَر — predicate
• مُفْرَد — singular
• مُذَكَّر — masculine
• مُؤَنَّث — feminine
• مُثَنًّى — dual
• جَمْع — plural
• عَاقِل — rational being
• سَيِّدَة — lady
• سَالِم — sound
• تَكْسِير — broken
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• إِفْرَاد — singularity
• تَثْنِيَة — dualization
• تَذْكِير — masculinization
• تَأْنِيث — feminization
• إِخْبَار — predication
• تَمْرِين — exercise
• اِسْم — noun