Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 3 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

عَرَفْتَ أَنَّ خَبَرَ كَانَ وَأَصْبَحَ، وَخَبَرَ إِنَّ وَلَعَلَّ، كَمَا يَكُونُ كُلٌّ مِنْهَا مُفْرَدًا يَكُونُ جُمْلَةً وَشِبْهَ جُمْلَةٍ،

You have learned that the predicate of kana and asbaha, as well as the predicate of inna and la'alla, can be a single word, a full sentence, or a phrase.

وَقَدِ اقْتَصَرْنَا عَلَى فِعْلَيْنِ مِنْ كَانَ وَأَخَوَاتِهَا وَعَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ مِنْ إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتِهَا، لِأَنَّكَ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَقِيسَ عَلَيْهَا بَقِيَّةَ الْأَفْعَالِ وَالْحُرُوفِ النَّاسِخَةِ.

We have limited our examples to two verbs from the kana family and two particles from the inna family, as you can apply these same rules to the rest of the governing verbs and particles.

خَبَرُ كَانَ وَأَخَوَاتِهَا وَخَبَرُ إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتِهَا كَمَا يَكُونُ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا مُفْرَدًا يَكُونُ جُمْلَةً فِعْلِيَّةً، وَجُمْلَةً اسْمِيَّةً، وَشِبْهَ جُمْلَةٍ.

The predicate of kana and its sisters, or inna and its sisters, can be a single word, a verbal sentence, a nominal sentence, or a phrase.

بَيِّنْ نَوْعَ أَخْبَارِ كَانَ وَأَخَوَاتِهَا وَإِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتِهَا فِي الْعِبَارَةِ الْآتِيَةِ:

Identify the type of predicate for kana and its sisters, and inna and its sisters, in the following passage.

كَانَ النَّاسُ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّ فَنَّ الطَّيَرَانِ نَجَاحَهُ مُسْتَحِيلٌ،

People used to think that the art of flight could never succeed.

وَصَارُوا يَسْخَرُونَ مِنْ كُلِّ مَنْ يَظَلُّ يَعْمَلُ لِتَحْقِيقِهِ؛

They mocked anyone who kept working to make it a reality.

لِأَنَّهُمْ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ عَزْمَهُ مَحْدُودٌ،

They believed that human potential was strictly limited.

وَأَنَّهُ لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَى حَالَتِهِ الَّتِي خُلِقَ عَلَيْهَا مَا دَامَ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ كَالطَّائِرِ،

They thought man would always remain in his original state, since he was not created with the ability to fly like a bird.

وَلَكِنَّ الْمُخْتَرِعِينَ آمَالُهُمْ بَعِيدَةٌ،

Yet, inventors have far-reaching dreams.

فَثَابَرُوا حَتَّى تَمَّ نَجَاحُ الطَّيَرَانِ،

They persevered until aviation became a success.

وَأَصْبَحَ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ وَسَائِلِ الِانْتِقَالِ،

It has since become one of the best modes of transportation.

وَاسْتَطَاعَ الطَّيَّارُونَ أَنْ يَعْبُرُوا الْمُحِيطَ الْأَطْلَنْطِيَّ مِنْ أَمْرِيكَا إِلَى أُورُبَّا بِلَا خَوْفٍ كَأَنَّهُمْ فَوْقَ بِسَاطِ سُلَيْمَانَ.

Pilots now cross the Atlantic from America to Europe without fear, as if they were riding the magic carpet of Solomon.

ضَعْ جُمْلَةً فِعْلِيَّةً لِتَكُونَ خَبَرًا لِكَانَ أَوْ إِحْدَى أَخَوَاتِهَا فِي كُلٍّ مِمَّا يَأْتِي:

Provide a verbal sentence to serve as the predicate for kana or one of its sisters in each of the following examples.

Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 37 nouns)

• عَرَفَ — to know
• كَانَ — to be
• أَصْبَحَ — to become
• اقْتَصَرَ — to limit
• اسْتَطَاعَ — to be able
• قَاسَ — to measure
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• ظَنَّ — to think
• صَارَ — to become
• سَخِرَ — to mock
• ظَلَّ — to remain
• عَمِلَ — to work
• حَقَّقَ — to achieve
• رَأَى — to see
• زَالَ — to cease
• خَلَقَ — to create
• دَامَ — to last
• ثَابَرَ — to persevere
• تَمَّ — to be completed
• عَبَرَ — to cross
• وَضَعَ — to place
• أَتَى — to come
• سَابِق — preceding
• خَبَر — predicate
• مُفْرَد — singular
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• شِبْه — resemblance
• فِعْل — verb
• حَرْف — letter/particle
• بَقِيَّة — remainder
• نَاسِخ — abrogator
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• فِعْلِيّ — verbal
• اسْمِيّ — nominal
• تَمْرِين — exercise
• نَوْع — type
• عِبَارَة — phrase
• آتِي — following
• نَاس — people
• فَنّ — art
• طَيَرَان — aviation
• نَجَاح — success
• مُسْتَحِيل — impossible
• كُلّ — all
• إِنْسَان — human
• عَزْم — determination
• مَحْدُود — limited
• حَالَة — state
• طَائِر — bird
• مُخْتَرِع — inventor
• آمَال — hopes
• بَعِيد — far
• وَسِيلَة — means
• انْتِقَال — transition
• طَيَّار — pilot
• مُحِيط — ocean
• أَطْلَنْطِيّ — Atlantic
• خَوْف — fear
• بِسَاط — carpet