Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 3 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 103

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَبِهَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةِ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ أَنَّ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْأَخِيرَةَ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْقِسْمِ الْأَوَّلِ ، إِنَّمَا جَاءَتْ لِتُبَيِّنَ هَيْئَةَ الْفَاعِلِ وَتَشْرَحَ حَالَهُ حِينَ وُقُوعِ الْفِعْلِ

This shows you that the final words in the first section's examples exist solely to describe the subject's state at the time the action occurred.

وَلِذَلِكَ يُسَمَّى كُلٌّ مِنْهَا حَالاً مِنَ الْفَاعِلِ ، كَمَا يُسَمَّى الْفَاعِلُ فِي الْجُمَلِ نَفْسِهَا صَاحِبَ الْحَالِ

Each of these is called a circumstantial accusative of the subject, while the subject itself is known as the owner of the state.

وَكَذَلِكَ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ كَلِمَةٍ مِنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْأَخِيرَةِ فِي الْقِسْمِ الثَّانِي حَالٌ مِنَ الْمَفْعُولِ بِهِ ، وَأَنَّ الْمَفْعُولَ بِهِ هُوَ صَاحِبُ الْحَالِ.

Similarly, you can see that the final words in the second section describe the state of the object, making the object the owner of the state.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 30 nouns)

• اِسْتَطَاعَ — to be able
• أَدْرَكَ — to realize
• جَاءَ — to serve to
• طَرِيقَةٌ — method
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• أَخِيرٌ — last