Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 2 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْأَحْوَالُ الَّتِي تَعْتَرِي أَوَاخِرَ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْمُعْرَبَةِ أَرْبَعَةٌ ، وَهِيَ الرَّفْعُ وَالنَّصْبُ وَالْجَرُّ وَالْجَزْمُ ، وَتُسَمَّى أَنْوَاعَ الْإِعْرَابِ

The states that affect the endings of inflected words are four: the nominative, the accusative, the genitive, and the jussive, and they are called the types of inflection.

عَلَامَاتُ الْإِعْرَابِ الْأَصْلِيَّةُ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَهِيَ الضَّمَّةُ وَالْفَتْحَةُ وَالْكَسْرَةُ وَالسُّكُونُ ، وَيَنُوبُ عَنْهَا عَلَامَاتٌ أُخْرَى تُذْكَرُ فِي مَوَاضِعِهَا

The original signs of inflection are four: the damma, the fatha, the kasra, and the sukun, and other signs substitute for them, which will be mentioned in their places.

الرَّفْعُ وَالنَّصْبُ يَشْتَرِكَانِ فِي الْأَسْمَاءِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ ، وَالْجَرُّ يَخْتَصُّ بِالْأَسْمَاءِ ، كَمَا يَخْتَصُّ الْجَزْمُ بِالْأَفْعَالِ

The nominative and the accusative are shared between nouns and verbs, while the genitive is specific to nouns, just as the jussive is specific to verbs.

عَيِّنِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْمُعْرَبَةَ فِي الْعِبَارَتَيْنِ الْآتِيَتَيْنِ وَاشْكُلْ آخِرَ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا

Identify the inflected words in the following two phrases and vocalize the end of each of them.

عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ أَنْ يُرَاعِيَ فِي الْمَلَابِسِ فُصُولَ السَّنَةِ ، فَيَحْسُنُ بِهِ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ الْقُطْنَ فِي الصَّيْفِ ، وَالصُّوفَ فِي الشِّتَاءِ

It is upon the human to observe the seasons of the year in clothing, so it is good for him to wear cotton in the summer and wool in the winter.

Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 29 nouns)

• اِعْتَرَى — to affect
• سَمَّى — to name
• نَابَ — to substitute
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• اِشْتَرَكَ — to share
• اِخْتَصَّ — to be specific to
• عَيَّنَ — to identify
• شَكَلَ — to vocalize
• رَاعَى — to observe
• حَسُنَ — to be good
• لَبِسَ — to wear
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• حَال — state
• آخِر — end
• كَلِمَة — word
• مُعْرَب — inflected word
• رَفْع — nominative case
• نَصْب — accusative
• جَرّ — genitive case
• جَزْم — jussive case
• نَوْع — type
• إِعْرَاب — inflection
• عَلَامَة — sign
• ضَمَّة — damma
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• كَسْرَة — kasra
• سُكُون — sukun
• مَوْضِع — place
• اسْم — noun
• فِعْل — verb
• تَمْرِين — exercise
• عِبَارَة — phrase
• إِنْسَان — human
• مَلْبَس — garment
• فَصْل — season
• سَنَة — year
• قُطْن — cotton
• صَيْف — summer
• صُوف — wool
• شِتَاء — winter