Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 2 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 15

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الطَّائِرُ وَالْمَاءُ وَالْحِصَانُ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْقِسْمِ الْأَوَّلِ كُلُّهَا أَسْمَاءٌ،

The words for bird, water, and horse in the first section's examples are all nouns.

وَهِيَ فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأُولَى مِنْهُ مَرْفُوعَةٌ لِأَنَّهَا مُبْتَدَآتٌ،

In the first three examples, they are in the nominative case because they function as subjects.

وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى رَفْعِهَا وُجُودُ الضَّمَّةِ فِي آخِرِ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا،

The presence of a damma at the end of each word marks this nominative state.

وَفِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ مَنْصُوبَةٌ لِأَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْهَا مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ،

In the next three examples, they are in the accusative case because each functions as a direct object.

وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى نَصْبِهَا وُجُودُ الْفَتْحَةِ فِي آخِرِ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا،

The presence of a fatha at the end of each word marks this accusative state.

وَفِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ مَجْرُورَةٌ لِأَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْهَا مَسْبُوقٌ بِحَرْفِ جَرٍّ،

In the final three examples, they are in the genitive case because each is preceded by a preposition.

يَدُلُّ عَلَى جَرِّهَا وُجُودُ الْكَسْرَةِ فِي آخِرِ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا،

The presence of a kasra at the end of each word marks this genitive state.

وَبِذَا نَرَى هَذِهِ الْأَسْمَاءَ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَتْ أَوَاخِرُهَا مِنَ الرَّفْعِ إِلَى النَّصْبِ ثُمَّ إِلَى الْجَزْمِ،

We see that the endings of these nouns change from nominative to accusative to genitive.

وَإِذًا فَلَا بُدَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مُعْرَبَةً.

Therefore, they must be inflected.

وَالْكَلِمَاتُ: يُوقِدُ وَتَزْحَفُ وَتُورِقُ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْقِسْمِ الثَّانِي أَفْعَالٌ مُضَارِعَةٌ،

The words for ignite, crawl, and leaf out in the second section's examples are present tense verbs.

وَهِيَ فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأُولَى مِنْ هَذَا الْقِسْمِ مَرْفُوعَةٌ، لِخُلُوِّهَا مِنَ النَّوَاصِبِ وَالْجَوَازِمِ،

In the first three examples of this section, they are in the nominative case because they are not preceded by any accusative or jussive particles.

وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى رَفْعِهَا وُجُودُ الضَّمَّةِ فِي آخِرِ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا؛

The presence of a damma at the end of each word marks this nominative state.

وَفِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِنْهُ مَنْصُوبَةٌ لِدُخُولِ «لَنْ» عَلَيْهَا

In the next three examples, they are in the accusative case because they are preceded by the particle lan.

وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى نَصْبِهَا وُجُودُ الْفَتْحَةِ فِي آخِرِ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا؛

The presence of a fatha at the end of each word marks this accusative state.

وَفِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ مَجْزُومَةٌ لِدُخُولِ أَدَاةِ الْجَزْمِ عَلَيْهَا،

In the final three examples, they are in the jussive case because they are preceded by a jussive particle.

وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى جَزْمِهَا وُجُودُ السُّكُونِ فِي أَوَاخِرِهَا،

The presence of a sukun at the end of each word marks this jussive state.

وَبِذَا نَرَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالَ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَتْ أَوَاخِرُهَا مِنَ الرَّفْعِ إِلَى النَّصْبِ ثُمَّ إِلَى الْجَزْمِ،

We see that the endings of these verbs change from nominative to accusative to jussive.

وَإِذًا لَا بُدَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مُعْرَبَةً.

Therefore, they must be inflected.

Vocabulary · المفردات (7 verbs · 41 nouns)

• دَلَّ — to indicate
• رَأَى — to observe or conclude
• تَغَيَّرَ — to change
• كَانَ — to be
• أَوْقَدَ — to ignite
• زَحَفَ — to crawl
• أَوْرَقَ — to leaf
• بَحْثٌ — research
• طَائِرٌ — bird
• مَاءٌ — water
• حِصَانٌ — horse
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• قِسْمٌ — section
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• اسْمٌ — noun
• ثَلَاثَةٌ — three
• أُولَى — first
• مَرْفُوعٌ — nominative
• مُبْتَدَأٌ — subject
• رَفْعٌ — nominative case
• وُجُودٌ — existence
• ضَمَّةٌ — damma
• آخِرٌ — end
• كُلٌّ — all
• مَنْصُوبٌ — accusative
• مَفْعُولٌ — object
• فَتْحَةٌ — fatha
• ثَالِثٌ — third
• مَجْرُورٌ — genitive
• مَسْبُوقٌ — preceded
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• كَسْرَةٌ — kasra
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• جَزْمٌ — jussive case
• مُعْرَبٌ — inflected
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• مُضَارِعٌ — present
• ثَانِي — second
• خُلُوٌّ — emptiness
• نَاصِبٌ — accusative marker
• جَازِمٌ — jussive marker
• ثَانِيَةٌ — second
• دُخُولٌ — entry
• أَدَاةٌ — tool
• سُكُونٌ — sukun
• أَخِيرٌ — last