Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 1 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 17

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَيُدَاعِبُ، وَيَحْصُدُ، وَتَأْكُلُ، تَدُلُّ عَلَى حُصُولِ فِعْلٍ فِي زَمَنٍ خَاصٍّ؛

And he caresses, and he harvests, and she eats, indicate the occurrence of an action in a specific time.

فَلَفْظُ رَكِبَ مَثَلًا يَدُلُّ عَلَى الرُّكُوبِ فِي الزَّمَنِ الْمَاضِي،

The word 'rakiba' (he rode), for example, indicates riding in the past time.

وَيُدَاعِبُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى الْمُدَاعَبَةِ فِي الزَّمَنِ الْحَاضِرِ أَوِ الْآتِي،

And 'yuda'ibu' (he caresses) indicates caressing in the present or future time.

وَلِذَلِكَ تُسَمَّى كُلُّ كَلِمَةٍ مِنْ هَذَا النَّوْعِ فِعْلًا.

Therefore, every word of this type is called a verb.

وَعِنْدَ تَأَمُّلِ الْجُمَلِ الثَّلَاثِ الْأَخِيرَةِ، نَجِدُ أَنَّ الْكَلِمَاتِ: فِي، وَعَلَى، وَهَلْ، إِذَا نُطِقَ بِكُلٍّ مِنْهَا وَحْدَهُ لَمْ يُفْهَمْ لَهُ مَعْنًى كَامِلٌ؛

Upon contemplating the last three sentences, we find that the words: 'fi' (in), 'ala' (on), and 'hal' (interrogative particle), if each is pronounced alone, a complete meaning is not understood for it.

وَإِذَا نُطِقَ بِكُلٍّ مِنْهَا فِي جُمْلَتِهِ، ظَهَرَ مَعْنَاهُ كَامِلًا

And if each is pronounced within its sentence, its meaning appears complete.

وَتُسَمَّى كُلُّ كَلِمَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ حَرْفًا،

And every word of these three words is called a particle.

الْكَلِمَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْوَاعٍ: اسْمٌ، وَفِعْلٌ، وَحَرْفٌ.

The word is of three types: a noun, a verb, and a particle.

فَالِاسْمُ: كُلُّ لَفْظٍ يُسَمَّى بِهِ إِنْسَانٌ أَوْ حَيَوَانٌ، أَوْ نَبَاتٌ، أَوْ جَمَادٌ أَوْ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ آخَرَ.

The noun: every word used to name a human, an animal, a plant, an inanimate object, or anything else.

وَالْفِعْلُ: كُلُّ لَفْظٍ يَدُلُّ عَلَى حُصُولِ عَمَلٍ فِي زَمَنٍ خَاصٍّ.

The verb: every word that indicates the occurrence of an action in a specific time.

وَالْحَرْفُ: كُلُّ لَفْظٍ لَا يَظْهَرُ مَعْنَاهُ كَامِلًا إِلَّا مَعَ غَيْرِهِ.

The particle: every word whose meaning does not appear complete except with something else.

Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 31 nouns)

• دَاعَبَ — to caress
• حَصَدَ — to harvest
• أَكَلَ — to eat
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• رَكِبَ — to ride
• أَتَى — to come
• سَمَّى — to name
• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• نَطَقَ — to pronounce
• فَهِمَ — to understand
• ظَهَرَ — to appear
• حُصُولٌ — occurrence
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• زَمَنٌ — time
• خَاصٌّ — special
• لَفْظٌ — word
• رُكُوبٌ — riding
• مَاضٍ — past
• مُدَاعَبَةٌ — caressing
• حَاضِرٌ — present
• آتٍ — future
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• نَوْعٌ — type
• تَأَمُّلٌ — contemplation
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• ثَلَاثٌ — three
• أَخِيرٌ — last
• كُلٌّ — all
• وَحْدٌ — alone
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• كَامِلٌ — complete
• حَرْفٌ — particle
• قَاعِدَةٌ — rule
• اسْمٌ — noun
• إِنْسَانٌ — human
• حَيَوَانٌ — animal
• نَبَاتٌ — plant
• جَمَادٌ — inanimate object
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• آخَرُ — other
• عَمَلٌ — work
• غَيْرٌ — other