Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 73

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

التَّشْبِيهُ.

Simile.

مِمَّا لَا يَتَكَرَّرُ عَلَى الْحِسِّ كَصُورَةِ الْقَمَرِ مُنْخَسِفًا كَالشَّمْسِ أَيْ كَتَشْبِيهِ الشَّمْسِ بِالْمِرْآةِ الْمَجْلُوَّةِ فِي الِاسْتِدَارَةِ وَالِاسْتِنَارَةِ، فَإِنَّ فِي وَجْهِ الشَّبَهِ تَفْصِيلًا، لَكِنَّ الْمُشَبَّهَ بِهِ أَعْنِي الْمِرْآةَ الصَّافِيَةَ فِي الشَّكْلِ وَفِي الْكَيْفِ وَهُوَ الِاسْتِدَارَةُ وَالِاسْتِنَارَةُ غَالِبُ الْحُضُورِ فِي الذِّهْنِ مُطْلَقًا؛ لِمُعَارَضَةِ كُلٍّ مِنَ الْقُرْبِ وَالتَّكْرَارِ التَّفْصِيلَ، أَيْ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ لِكَثْرَةِ مُشَاهَدَتِهَا قُرْبُ الْمُنَاسَبَةِ عَلَى الْحِسِّ قِلَّةُ التَّفْصِيلِ فِي وَجْهِ الشَّبَهِ مَعَ غَلَبَةِ حُضُورِ الْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ بِسَبَبِ قُرْبِ الْمُنَاسَبَةِ أَوِ التَّكْرَارِ عَلَى الْحِسِّ سَبَبًا لِظُهُورِهِ الْمُؤَدَّى إِلَى الِابْتِذَالِ.

Such as that which does not recur to the senses, like the image of the moon eclipsed, or like the sun—that is, like the simile of the sun to a polished mirror in roundness and illumination—for there is detail in the aspect of resemblance; however, the object of comparison, I mean the clear mirror in form and quality, which is roundness and illumination, is absolutely dominant in the mind, because each of proximity and repetition opposes the detail; that is, it is only because of the frequency of observing it that the proximity of the connection to the senses [causes] a lack of detail in the aspect of resemblance, while the dominant presence of the object of comparison, due to the proximity of the connection or repetition to the senses, is a cause for its clarity, which leads to triteness.

وَجْهُ الشَّبَهِ وَلَوْ قَلِيلًا مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِغَلَبَةٍ فِي الصُّورَةِ الْأُولَى أَنَّ التَّفْصِيلَ مِنْ أَسْبَابِ الْغَرَابَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ قُرْبَ الْمُنَاسَبَةِ فِي الصُّورَةِ الْأُولَى وَالتَّكَرُّرَ عَلَى الْحِسِّ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ يُعَارِضُ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا التَّفْصِيلَ فِي الْغَلَبَةِ الْمُطْلَقَةِ خَبَرُ "أَنَّ" بِوَاسِطَةِ اقْتِضَائِهَا سُرْعَةَ الِانْتِقَالِ مِنَ الْمُشَبَّهِ إِلَى الْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ فَيَصِيرُ وَجْهُ الشَّبَهِ كَأَنَّهُ أَمْرٌ جُمْلِيٌّ لَا تَفْصِيلَ فِيهِ فَيَصِيرُ سَبَبًا لِلِابْتِذَالِ، وَإِمَّا بَعِيدٌ غَرِيبٌ عَطْفٌ عَلَى "إِمَّا قَرِيبٌ مُبْتَذَلٌ" وَهُوَ بِخِلَافِهِ أَيْ مَا لَا يَنْتَقِلُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْمُشَبَّهِ إِلَى الْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ فِكْرٍ وَتَدْقِيقِ نَظَرٍ؛ لِعَدَمِ الظُّهُورِ أَيْ لِخَفَاءِ وَجْهِهِ فِي بَادِي الرَّأْيِ، وَذَلِكَ أَعْنِي عَدَمَ الظُّهُورِ فِيهِ عِلَّةٌ لِمُخَالَفَةِ الْقَرِيبِ.

The aspect of resemblance, even if slight, is related to dominance in the first case, [in that] detail is one of the causes of strangeness; because the proximity of the connection in the first case and the repetition to the senses in the second—each of them opposes the detail in the absolute dominance—is the predicate of 'that', by means of its requiring a quick transition from the subject of comparison to the object of comparison, so the aspect of resemblance becomes as if it were a general matter with no detail in it, thus becoming a cause for triteness; or it is 'remote and strange', a conjunction to 'either near and trite', and it is the opposite of it, that is, that in which one does not transition from the subject of comparison to the object of comparison except after thought and careful examination, due to the lack of clarity, that is, the hidden nature of its aspect at first glance, and that, I mean the lack of clarity in it, is the reason for its difference from the near.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (30 verbs · 40 nouns)

• تَكَرَّرَ — to repeat
• جَلَا — to polish
• شَاهَدَ — to observe
• تَشْبِيه — simile
• حِسّ — sense
• صُورَة — image