Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 33

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

التَّشْبِيهُ لِأَنَّهَا يَقْتَضِيَانِ تَأَثُّرَ مَوْصُوفِهِمَا هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ هِيَ أَوَائِلُ الْمَلْمُوسَاتِ بِهَا وَالْأُولَيَانِ مِنْهَا فِعْلِيَّتَانِ وَالْأُخْرَيَانِ انْفِعَالِيَّتَانِ، لِأَنَّهُمَا يَقْتَضِيَانِ الْجَمْعَ وَالتَّفْرِيقَ وَالْخُشُونَةُ وَهِيَ كَيْفِيَّةٌ حَاصِلَةٌ عَنْ كَوْنِ بَعْضِ الْأَجْزَاءِ أَخْفَضَ وَبَعْضِهَا أَرْفَعَ، وَالْمَلَاسَةُ وَهِيَ كَيْفِيَّةٌ حَاصِلَةٌ عَنْ اسْتِوَاءِ وَضْعِ الْأَجْزَاءِ، وَاللِّينُ: وَهِيَ كَيْفِيَّةٌ بِهَا يَقْتَضِي قَبُولَ الْغَمْزِ إِلَى الْبَاطِنِ، وَيَكُونُ لِلشَّيْءِ بِهَا قِوَامٌ غَيْرُ سَيَّالٍ، وَالصَّلَابَةُ: وَهِيَ قُوَّةٌ وَتَمَاسُكٌ تَقَابُلُ اللِّينِ وَالْخِفَّةُ وَهِيَ كَيْفِيَّةٌ بِهَا يَقْتَضِي الْجِسْمُ أَنْ يَتَحَرَّكَ إِلَى الصَّوْبِ الْمُحِيطِ لَوْ لَمْ يَعُقْهُ عَائِقٌ، وَالثِّقْلُ وَهِيَ كَيْفِيَّةٌ بِهَا يَقْتَضِي الْجِسْمُ أَنْ يَتَحَرَّكَ إِلَى صَوْبِ الْمَرْكَزِ لَوْ لَمْ يَعُقْهُ عَائِقٌ، وَمَا يَتَّصِلُ بِهَا أَيْ بِالْمَذْكُورَاتِ كَالْبِلَّةِ وَالْجَفَافِ وَاللُّزُوجَةِ وَالْهَشَاشَةِ وَاللَّطَافَةِ الْمَلْمُوسَاتُ لِأَنَّهَا تُدْرَكُ أَوَّلًا وَبِالذَّاتِ بِقُوَّةِ اللَّمْسِ، بِخِلَافِ غَيْرِهَا مِمَّا يَأْتِي؛ فَإِنَّهُ يُدْرَكُ بِتَوَسُّطِهَا، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهَا سُمِّيَتْ أَوَائِلَ؛ لِحُصُولِهَا فِي الْأَجْسَامِ الْعُنْصُرِيَّةِ الْبَسِيطَةِ الَّتِي هِيَ أَوَائِلُ الْمُرَكَّبَاتِ.

The analogy, because they both necessitate the being affected of that which is described by them; these four are the primary tangibles, and the first two of them are active, while the latter two are passive, because they necessitate gathering and separating; roughness is a quality resulting from some parts being lower and others higher; smoothness is a quality resulting from the evenness of the arrangement of the parts; softness is a quality by which it necessitates the acceptance of being pressed inward, and by it the thing has a non-fluid consistency; hardness is a strength and cohesion that opposes softness; lightness is a quality by which the body necessitates moving toward the surrounding direction if no obstacle hinders it; heaviness is a quality by which the body necessitates moving toward the center direction if no obstacle hinders it; and what is connected to them, that is, to the aforementioned, such as wetness, dryness, viscosity, fragility, and subtlety, are tangibles because they are perceived primarily and essentially by the sense of touch, unlike others that follow, for they are perceived through its mediation; and it is said: they were called primary because of their occurrence in simple elemental bodies, which are the primary components of composite things.

فِعْلِيَّتَانِ: قَالَ السَّيِّدُ: لَمَّا كَانَ الْفِعْلُ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ أَظْهَرُ مِنْ الِانْفِعَالِ، وَالِانْفِعَالُ فِي الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ أَظْهَرُ مِنْ الْفِعْلِ، سُمِّيَتْ الْأُولَيَانِ فِعْلِيَّتَيْنِ وَالْأُخْرَيَانِ انْفِعَالِيَّتَيْنِ مَعَ ثُبُوتِ الْفِعْلِ وَالِانْفِعَالِ فِي كُلٍّ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ تَفَاعُلُ الْأَجْسَامِ الْعُنْصُرِيَّةِ وَانْكِسَارُ صُورَةِ كَيْفِيَّاتِهَا الْأَرْبَعِ فِي حُدُوثِ الْمِزَاجِ وَتَوَلُّدِ الْمُرَكَّبَاتِ مِنْهَا.

Active: The Sayyid said: Since the action in the first two is more apparent than the passivity, and the passivity in the latter two is more apparent than the action, the first two were called active and the latter two passive, despite the establishment of action and passivity in each, which is indicated by the interaction of elemental bodies and the breaking of the form of their four qualities in the occurrence of temperament and the generation of composite things from them.

انْفِعَالِيَّتَانِ لِأَنَّ الرُّطُوبَةَ كَيْفِيَّةٌ تَقْتَضِي سُهُولَةَ التَّشَكُّلِ وَالتَّفَرُّقِ وَالِاتِّصَالِ كَمَا فِي الْعَجِينِ وَالْيُبُوسَةِ كَيْفِيَّةٌ تَقْتَضِي صُعُوبَةَ ذَلِكَ كَمَا فِي الْحَجَرِ وَالْخَشَبِ.

Passive: Because moisture is a quality that necessitates ease of shaping, separating, and connecting, as in dough, and dryness is a quality that necessitates the difficulty of that, as in stone and wood.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 92 nouns)

• اِقْتَضَى — to require
• تَأَثَّرَ — to be affected
• كَانَ — to be
• تَشْبِيه — analogy
• مَوْصُوف — described
• أَرْبَعَة — four