Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 324

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَمَّا الِاقْتِبَاسُ فَهُوَ أَنْ يُضَمِّنَ الْكَلَامُ نَظْمًا كَانَ أَوْ نَثْرًا شَيْئًا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ أَوِ الْحَدِيثِ، لَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ أَيْ لَا عَلَى طَرِيقَةِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ أَوِ الْحَدِيثِ، يَعْنِي عَلَى وَجْهٍ لَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ إِشْعَارٌ بِأَنَّهُ مِنْهُ كَمَا يُقَالُ فِي أَثْنَاءِ الْكَلَامِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى كَذَا، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ كَذَا وَنَحْوُ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ اقْتِبَاسًا، وَمَثَّلَ الِاقْتِبَاسَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَمْثِلَةٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِمَّا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَالْحَدِيثِ وَكُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا إِمَّا فِي النَّثْرِ أَوْ فِي النَّظْمِ، فَالْأَوَّلُ كَقَوْلِ الْحَرِيرِيِّ: فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ﴿إِلَّا كَلَمْحِ الْبَصَرِ أَوْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ﴾ حَتَّى أَنْشَدَ فَأَغْرَبَ، وَالثَّانِي مِثْلُ قَوْلِ الْآخَرِ: إِنْ كُنْتِ أَزْمَعْتِ أَيْ عَزَمْتِ عَلَى هَجْرِنَا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَا جُرْمٍ فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ.

As for Iqtibas (quotation), it is for speech—whether poetry or prose—to incorporate something from the Quran or the Hadith, not in a way that indicates it is from them; that is, not in a manner suggesting that the thing is from the Quran or the Hadith. This means it should be in a way that does not imply it is from them, as when one says during speech, 'God Almighty said such-and-such,' or 'The Prophet said such-and-such,' and the like, for that would not be Iqtibas. He illustrated Iqtibas with four examples, because it is either from the Quran or the Hadith, and each of these is either in prose or in poetry. The first is like the saying of Al-Hariri: 'It was not but like the twinkling of an eye, or even closer,' until he recited and produced something extraordinary. The second is like the saying of another: 'If you have resolved—that is, determined—to abandon us without any crime, then [my course is] a graceful patience.'

أَنْ يُضَمِّنَ إِلَخْ: أَيْ أَنْ يُؤْتَى بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ لَفْظِ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ مِنْ لَفْظِ الْحَدِيثِ فِي ضِمْنِ الْكَلَامِ، وَمِمَّا يَنْبَغِي بِالِاقْتِبَاسِ أَنْ يُضَمِّنَ الْكَلَامُ شَيْئًا مِنْ كَلَامِ الَّذِينَ يُتَبَرَّكُ بِهِمْ وَبِكَلَامِهِمْ خُصُوصًا الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ، رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ.

'To incorporate, etc.': That is, to bring something from the wording of the Quran or the wording of the Hadith within the speech. Among the things that are appropriate for Iqtibas is for the speech to incorporate something from the words of those who are blessed, and whose words are blessed, especially the Companions and the Successors, may God be pleased with them all.

يَعْنِي إِلَخْ أَتَى بِالْعِنَايَةِ إِشَارَةً إِلَى أَنَّ النَّفْيَ لَيْسَ مَنْصُوبًا عَلَى الْمُقَيَّدِ وَهُوَ الْوَجْهُ وَالطَّرِيقَةُ، بَلْ مَنْصُوبُهُ الْقَيْدُ وَهُوَ كَوْنُهُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ أَوِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَفَسَّرَ الْمَتْنَ أَوَّلًا عَلَى ظَاهِرِهِ، ثُمَّ أَشَارَ إِلَى بَيَانِ الْمُرَادِ.

'He means, etc.': He brought this explanation as an indication that the negation is not directed at the qualified object, which is the manner and the method, but rather its object is the qualification itself, which is its being from the Quran or the Hadith. Thus, he first interpreted the text according to its literal meaning, then pointed toward the clarification of the intended meaning.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 49 nouns)

• ضَمَّنَ — to include
• كَانَ — to be
• قَالَ — to say
• اقْتِبَاس — quotation
• كَلَام — speech
• نَظْم — poetry