Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 317

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْفَنُّ الثَّالِثُ

The Third Art.

الْخَاتِمَةُ

The Conclusion.

وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ فِي تَشَابُهِ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ اخْتِلَافُ الْبَيْتَيْنِ نَسِيبًا مَدِيحًا وَهِجَاءً وَافْتِخَارًا تَشْبِيهًا وَتَغَزُّلًا وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّ الشَّاعِرَ الْحَاذِقَ إِذَا قَصَدَ إِلَى الْمَعْنَى الْمُخْتَلَسِ؛ لِيَنْظِمَهُ احْتَالَ فِي إِخْفَائِهِ، فَغَيَّرَ عَنْ لَفْظِهِ وَصَرَفَهُ عَنْ نَوْعِهِ وَوَزْنِهِ وَقَافِيَتِهِ وَإِلَى هَذَا أَشَارَ بِقَوْلِهِ: وَمِنْهُ أَيْ مِنْ غَيْرِ كَالْمَدْحِ أَوِ الذَّمِّ الظَّاهِرِ أَنْ يُنْقَلَ الْمَعْنَى إِلَى مَحَلٍّ آخَرَ كَقَوْلِ الْبُحْتُرِيِّ: سُلِبُوا أَيْ ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَشْرَقَتِ الدِّمَاءُ بِصِيغَةِ الْمَجْهُولِ ظَهَرَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مُحْمَرَّةً فَكَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُسْلَبُوا؛ لِأَنَّ الدِّمَاءَ الْمُشْرِقَةَ كَانَتْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ ثِيَابٍ لَهُمْ، وَقَوْلِ عَمَدَهُ فَكَأَنَّمَا أَبِي الطَّيِّبِ يَبِسَ النَّجِيعُ عَلَيْهِ أَيْ عَلَى السَّيْفِ وَهُوَ مُجَرَّدٌ مِنْ فَاعِلُ "يَبِسَ" حَالٌ مِنَ السَّيْفِ هُوَ مُغْمَدٌ لِأَنَّ الدَّمَ الْيَابِسَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ غِمْدٍ لَهُ، فَنَقَلَ الْمَعْنَى مِنَ الْقَتْلَى وَالْجَرْحَى إِلَى السَّيْفِ، وَمِنْهُ أَيْ لِلسَّيْفِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الظَّاهِرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْنَى الثَّانِي أَشْمَلَ مِنْ مَعْنَى الْأَوَّلِ كَقَوْلِ جَرِيرٍ: اجْمَعْ إِذَا غَضِبَتْ عَلَيْكَ بَنُو تَمِيمٍ وَجَدْتَ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ غِضَابَا مَفْعُولٌ أَوَّلٌ لِـ"وَجَدْتَ" مَفْعُولٌ ثَانٍ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ: أَيْ كَالْمَرْثِيَةِ وَاخْتِلَافِ الْوَزْنِ وَالْقَافِيَةِ. الْمُخْتَلَسُ الَّذِي اخْتَلَسَهُ وَأَخَذَهُ مِنْ كَلَامِ الْغَيْرِ. [الدَّسُوقِيُّ: ٤٩٨/٤] وَإِلَى هَذَا إِلَخْ أَيْ وَإِلَى هَذَا الْقِسْمِ، وَهُوَ نَقْلُ الْمَعْنَى مِنْ نَوْعٍ إِلَى نَوْعٍ آخَرَ، أَشَارَ بِقَوْلِهِ إِلَخْ، وَوَجْهُ الْإِشَارَةِ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ يُنْقَلُ الْمَعْنَى إِلَى مَحَلٍّ آخَرَ وَهَذَا صَادِقٌ بِأَنْ يَنْقُلَهُ مِنَ التَّشْبِيبِ إِلَى أَحَدِ الْمَذْكُورَاتِ. (الدَّسُوقِيُّ) أَنْ يُنْقَلَ إِلَخْ: أَيْ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَعْنَى وَصْفًا وَيُنْقَلَ مِنْ مَوْصُوفٍ إِلَى مَوْصُوفٍ آخَرَ كَنَقْلِهِ سِتْرَ الدَّمِ مِنَ الْقَتْلَى إِلَى السَّيْفِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الْمُصَنِّفُ، أَوْ يَكُونَ الْمَعْنَى مَدْحًا فَيُنْقَلَ لِلْهِجَاءِ أَوِ الرِّثَاءِ أَوِ الْعَكْسِ. (الدَّسُوقِيُّ) وَأَشْرَقَتِ الدِّمَاءُ: أَيْ فَظَهَرَتِ الدِّمَاءُ عَلَيْهِمْ مُلَابِسَةً لِإِشْرَاقِ شُعَاعِ الشَّمْسِ، وَأَتَى بِقَوْلِهِ: "مُحْمَرَّةً" لِنَفْيِ مَا يُتَوَهَّمُ مِنْ غَلَبَةِ الْإِشْرَاقِ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى صَارَتْ بِلَوْنِ الْبَيَاضِ. [الدَّسُوقِيُّ: ٤٩٩/٤] فَكَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُسْلَبُوا أَيْ فَلَمَّا سُتِرُوا بِالدِّمَاءِ بَعْدَ سَلْبِهِمْ صَارُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُسْلَبُوا؛ لِأَنَّ الدِّمَاءَ الْمُشْرِقَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَارَتْ سَاتِرَةً لَهُمْ كَاللِّبَاسِ الْمَعْلُومِ. (الدَّسُوقِيُّ) النَّجِيعُ هُوَ الدَّمُ الْمَائِلُ إِلَى السَّوَادِ، وَقِيلَ: دَمُ الْجَوْفِ خَاصَّةً. (الدَّسُوقِيُّ) فَكَأَنَّمَا

Know that in the similarity of two meanings, it is permissible for the two verses to differ in genre—such as love poetry, panegyric, satire, boasting, simile, amorous verse, and the like—for the skilled poet, when he intends to take a borrowed meaning to compose it, resorts to concealing it, so he alters its wording and diverts it from its type, meter, and rhyme; and to this he pointed by saying: 'And from it'—that is, from other than the apparent praise or blame—'is that the meaning be transferred to another subject,' as in the saying of al-Buhturi: 'They were stripped'—meaning of their garments—'and the blood shone'—in the passive voice, meaning it appeared upon them reddened—'so it is as if they were not stripped,' because the shining blood was in the place of garments for them; and the saying of Abu al-Tayyib: 'The dried blood hardened upon it'—that is, upon the sword—'while it was bare of'—the subject of 'hardened' is a state of the sword—'it, so it is as if it were sheathed,' because the dried blood is in the place of a scabbard for it; so he transferred the meaning from the slain and wounded to the sword; and from it—that is, from other than the apparent—is that the meaning of the second be more comprehensive than the meaning of the first, as in the saying of Jarir: 'If the Banu Tamim are angry with you, you will find all people angry'—'gather' is the first object of 'you will find,' and 'angry' is the second object.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 35 nouns)

• عَلِمَ — to know
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• قَصَدَ — to intend
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• بَيْت — verse
• نَسِيب — amatory poetry