Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 196

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْكِنَايَةُ وَالطَّاعِنِينَ مَجَامِعَ الْأَضْغَانِ الْمِخْذَمُ الْقَاطِعُ وَالضِّغْنُ الْحِقْدُ وَمَجَامِعُ الْأَضْغَانِ مَعْنًى وَاحِدٌ كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْقُلُوبِ، وَمِنْهَا مَا هُوَ مَجْمُوعُ مَعَانٍ بِأَنْ يُؤْخَذَ صِفَةٌ فَتَنْضَمَّ إِلَى لَازِمٍ آخَرَ وَآخَرَ لِتَصِيرَ جُمْلَتُهَا مُخْتَصَّةً بِمَوْصُوفٍ فَيُتَوَصَّلُ بِذِكْرِهَا إِلَيْهِ كَقَوْلِنَا كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْإِنْسَانِ حَيٌّ مُسْتَوِي الْقَامَةِ عَرِيضُ الْأَظْفَارِ، وَتُسَمَّى هَذِهِ خَاصَّةً مُرَكَّبَةً، وَشَرْطُهُمَا أَيْ شَرْطُ هَاتَيْنِ الْكِنَايَتَيْنِ الِاخْتِصَاصُ بِالْمَكْنِيِّ عَنْهُ؛ لِيَحْصُلَ الِانْتِقَالُ وَجَعَلَ السَّكَّاكِيُّ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا أَعْنِي مَا هِيَ مَعْنًى وَاحِدٌ قَرِيبَةً بِمَعْنَى سُهُولَةِ الْمَأْخَذِ وَالِانْتِقَالِ فِيهَا لِبَسَاطَتِهَا وَاسْتِغْنَائِهَا عَنْ ضَمِّ لَازِمٍ إِلَى آخَرَ وَتَلْفِيقٍ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَالثَّانِيَةُ بَعِيدَةٌ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ وَهَذِهِ غَيْرُ الْبَعِيدَةِ بِالْمَعْنَى الَّذِي سَيَجِيءُ، وَالطَّاعِنِينَ: أَيِ الضَّارِبِينَ بِالرُّمْحِ مَجَامِعَ الْأَضْغَانِ فَمَجَامِعُ الْأَضْغَانِ كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْقُلُوبِ، وَمَجَامِعُ الْأَضْغَانِ مَعْنًى وَاحِدٌ؛ إِذْ لَيْسَ أَجْسَامًا مُلْتَئِمَةً وَإِنْ كَانَ لَفْظُهُ جَمْعًا فَأَطْلَقَ الشَّاعِرُ الصِّفَةَ الَّتِي هِيَ لَازِمٌ يَعْنِي مَجَامِعَ الْأَضْغَانِ، وَأَرَادَ مَحَلَّهَا وَهُوَ الْمَوْصُوفُ، أَعْنِي الْقُلُوبَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْكِنَايَةِ.

Metonymy and [the phrase] 'those who strike the gathering places of grudges'—the 'mikhdham' is the sharp [sword], the 'dighn' is the grudge, and 'gathering places of grudges' is a single meaning that is a metonym for hearts; among them is that which is a collection of meanings, by taking a quality and joining it to another concomitant and another, so that their totality becomes specific to a described object, and one reaches it by mentioning them, such as our saying, as a metonym for a human: 'living, upright in stature, broad-nailed,' and this is called a compound property.

وَشَرْطُهُمَا أَيْ شَرْطُ هَاتَيْنِ الْكِنَايَتَيْنِ الِاخْتِصَاصُ بِالْمَكْنِيِّ عَنْهُ؛ لِيَحْصُلَ الِانْتِقَالُ وَجَعَلَ السَّكَّاكِيُّ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا أَعْنِي مَا هِيَ مَعْنًى وَاحِدٌ قَرِيبَةً بِمَعْنَى سُهُولَةِ الْمَأْخَذِ وَالِانْتِقَالِ فِيهَا لِبَسَاطَتِهَا وَاسْتِغْنَائِهَا عَنْ ضَمِّ لَازِمٍ إِلَى آخَرَ وَتَلْفِيقٍ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَالثَّانِيَةُ بَعِيدَةٌ بِخِلَافِ ذَلِكَ وَهَذِهِ غَيْرُ الْبَعِيدَةِ بِالْمَعْنَى الَّذِي سَيَجِيءُ، وَالطَّاعِنِينَ: أَيِ الضَّارِبِينَ بِالرُّمْحِ مَجَامِعَ الْأَضْغَانِ فَمَجَامِعُ الْأَضْغَانِ كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْقُلُوبِ، وَمَجَامِعُ الْأَضْغَانِ مَعْنًى وَاحِدٌ؛ إِذْ لَيْسَ أَجْسَامًا مُلْتَئِمَةً وَإِنْ كَانَ لَفْظُهُ جَمْعًا فَأَطْلَقَ الشَّاعِرُ الصِّفَةَ الَّتِي هِيَ لَازِمٌ يَعْنِي مَجَامِعَ الْأَضْغَانِ، وَأَرَادَ مَحَلَّهَا وَهُوَ الْمَوْصُوفُ، أَعْنِي الْقُلُوبَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْكِنَايَةِ.

The condition for both—that is, the condition for these two types of metonymy—is specificity to the object referred to, so that the transition [of thought] may occur; Al-Sakkaki considered the first of them, meaning that which is a single meaning, to be 'near' in the sense of the ease of derivation and transition within it due to its simplicity and its lack of need to join one concomitant to another and combine them, while the second is 'far' in contrast to that, and this is not the 'far' [type] in the sense that will come later.

وَالطَّاعِنِينَ: أَيِ الضَّارِبِينَ بِالرُّمْحِ مَجَامِعَ الْأَضْغَانِ فَمَجَامِعُ الْأَضْغَانِ كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْقُلُوبِ، وَمَجَامِعُ الْأَضْغَانِ مَعْنًى وَاحِدٌ؛ إِذْ لَيْسَ أَجْسَامًا مُلْتَئِمَةً وَإِنْ كَانَ لَفْظُهُ جَمْعًا فَأَطْلَقَ الشَّاعِرُ الصِّفَةَ الَّتِي هِيَ لَازِمٌ يَعْنِي مَجَامِعَ الْأَضْغَانِ، وَأَرَادَ مَحَلَّهَا وَهُوَ الْمَوْصُوفُ، أَعْنِي الْقُلُوبَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْكِنَايَةِ.

'Those who strike': meaning those who strike with the spear the gathering places of grudges; thus, 'gathering places of grudges' is a metonym for hearts, and 'gathering places of grudges' is a single meaning, for it is not [referring to] physical bodies joined together, even if its wording is plural; so the poet used the quality which is a concomitant, meaning 'gathering places of grudges,' and intended its location, which is the described object, meaning the hearts, by way of metonymy.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 60 nouns)

• طَعَنَ — to stab
• قَطَعَ — to cut
• أَخَذَ — to take
• كِنَايَة — metonymy
• مَجْمَع — gathering place
• ضِغْن — grudge