Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 115

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْفَنُّ الثَّانِي، الْحَقِيقَةُ وَالْمَجَازُ، أَوْ أَكْثَرُ أَيْ أَمْرَانِ أَوْ أُمُورٌ يَكُونُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا قَرِينَةً كَقَوْلِهِ: فَإِنْ تَعَافَوْا أَيْ تَكْرَهُوا، مِنْ أَمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ، بَعْضُ الْعَرَبِ عَافَهُ يَعَافُهُ كَرِهَهُ، الْعَدْلَ وَالْإِيمَانَا فَإِنَّ فِي أَيْمَانِنَا نِيرَانًا أَيْ سُيُوفًا تَلْمَعُ كَشُعْلَةِ النِّيرَانِ، فَتَعَلُّقُ قَوْلِهِ: تَعَافَوْا بِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْعَدْلِ وَالْإِيمَانِ قَرِينَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالنِّيرَانِ السُّيُوفُ لِدَلَالَتِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ جَوَابَ هَذَا الشَّرْطِ تُحَارِبُونَ وَتَلْجَؤُونَ إِلَى الطَّاعَةِ بِالسُّيُوفِ أَوْ مَعَانٍ مُلْتَئِمَةٌ مَرْبُوطٌ بَعْضُهَا بِبَعْضٍ، يَكُونُ الْجَمِيعُ قَرِينَةً لَا كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ وَبِهَذَا ظَهَرَ فَسَادُ قَوْلِ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: أَوْ أَكْثَرُ شَامِلٌ لِقَوْلِهِ: مَعَانٍ فَلَا يَصِحُّ جَعْلُهُ مُقَابِلًا لَهُ، وَقَسِيمًا كَقَوْلِهِ: وَصَاعِقَةٌ مِنْ نَصْلِهِ أَيْ نَصْلِ سَيْفِ الْمَمْدُوحِ تَنْكَفِئُ بِهَا، مِنْ انْكَفَأَ أَيْ انْقَلَبَ وَالْبَاءُ لِلتَّعْدِيَةِ، وَالْمَعْنَى رُبَّ نَارٍ مِنْ حَدِّ سَيْفِهِ تَقْلِبُهَا عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الْأَقْرَانِ، فَإِنْ تَعَافَوْا إِلَخْ يُخَاطِبُ الْأَعْدَاءَ أَيْ إِنْ تَكْرَهُوا الْعَدْلَ وَالْإِنْصَافَ وَتَمِيلُوا إِلَى الْجَوْرِ وَتَكْرَهُوا التَّصْدِيقَ بِالنَّبِيِّ فَإِنَّ فِي أَيْدِينَا سُيُوفًا تَلْمَعُ كَالنِّيرَانِ نُحَارِبُكُمْ وَنُلْجِئُكُمْ إِلَى انْقِيَادِ الْحَقِّ.

The second art, literal and metaphorical, or more, meaning two things or matters, each of which serves as a contextual indicator, such as his saying: 'If you dislike'—meaning hate, from one matter, as some Arabs say 'afa-hu ya'afu-hu' meaning he hated it—'justice and faith, then in our hands are fires,' meaning swords that shine like the flame of fires; thus, the connection of his saying 'dislike' to each of justice and faith is an indicator that what is meant by 'fires' is swords, due to its indication that the answer to this conditional clause is 'you will fight and be driven to obedience by swords,' or meanings that are coherent and linked to one another, where the whole serves as an indicator, not each one individually; and by this, the invalidity of the claim of those who asserted that his saying 'or more' includes his saying 'meanings' became apparent, so it is not correct to make it a counterpart to it, or a division, such as his saying: 'And a thunderbolt from his blade,' meaning the blade of the praised one's sword, 'you turn with it,' from 'inkafa'a' meaning turned over, and the 'ba' is for transitivity, and the meaning is: 'Many a fire from the edge of his sword you turn upon the heads of rivals'; 'If you dislike, etc.' addresses the enemies, meaning: 'If you dislike justice and fairness and incline toward tyranny and dislike believing in the Prophet, then in our hands are swords that shine like fires; we will fight you and drive you to submit to the truth.'

أَيْ سُيُوفًا تَلْمَعُ إِلَخْ أَيْ يَعْنِي فَقَدْ شَبَّهَ السُّيُوفَ بِالنِّيرَانِ بِجَامِعِ اللَّمَعَانِ فِي كُلٍّ، وَاسْتَعَارَ اسْمَ الْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ، فَتَعَلُّقُ إِلَخْ تَعَلُّقُ تَعَافَوْا بِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْعَدْلِ وَالْإِيمَانِ يَقْتَضِي أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ مِنَ النِّيرَانِ هُوَ السُّيُوفُ؛ لِدَلَالَةِ هَذَا التَّعَلُّقِ أَنَّ جَزَاءَ هَذَا الشَّرْطِ هُوَ تُحَارِبُونَ وَتَلْجَؤُونَ إِلَى الطَّاعَةِ بِالسُّيُوفِ.

Meaning 'swords that shine, etc.' means he has likened the swords to fires, with the common factor of shining in both, and he has borrowed the name of the object of comparison; thus, the connection of 'dislike' to each of justice and faith requires that what is meant by 'fires' is the swords, due to the indication of this connection that the consequence of this conditional clause is 'you will fight and be driven to obedience by swords.'

عَلَى أَنَّ جَوَابَ إِلَخْ أَيْ تَعَلُّقُ تَعَافَوْا بِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْعَدْلِ وَالْإِيمَانِ يَعْنِي جَوَابَ هَذَا الشَّرْطِ مَحْذُوفٌ تَقْدِيرُهُ: تُحَارِبُونَ، فَقَوْلُهُ: فَإِنَّ فِي أَيْمَانِنَا نِيرَانًا عِلَّةٌ لِلْجَوَابِ أُقِيمَتْ مَقَامَهُ وَلَوْ حُذِفَ النُّونُ مِنْ تُحَارِبُونَ وَتَلْجَؤُونَ لَكَانَ حَسَنًا؛ لِأَنَّ رَفْعَ الْجَوَابِ إِذَا كَانَ الشَّرْطُ مُضَارِعًا ضَعِيفٌ.

Regarding 'the answer, etc.,' meaning the connection of 'dislike' to each of justice and faith means the answer to this conditional clause is omitted, its estimation being: 'you will fight,' so his saying 'for in our hands are fires' is a cause for the answer that was put in its place; and if the 'nun' were omitted from 'tuharibuna' and 'talja'una,' it would have been better, because the indicative mood of the answer when the condition is in the present tense is weak.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (32 verbs · 52 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• عَافَ — to dislike
• كَرِهَ — to hate
• فَنٌّ — art
• حَقِيقَةٌ — truth
• مَجَازٌ — metaphor