Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 99

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْإِسْنَادُ الْخَبَرِيُّ أَنَّ الْحُكْمَ وَالتَّرَدُّدَ فِيهِ مُتَنَافِيَانِ اسْتُغْنِيَ عَلَى لَفْظِ الْمَبْنِيِّ لِلْمَفْعُولِ عَنْ مُؤَكِّدَاتِ الْحُكْمِ؛ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَصْلًا مِثْلَ إِنَّ وَاللَّامِ وَغَيْرِهَا لِيَتَمَكَّنَ الْحُكْمُ فِي الذِّهْنِ حَيْثُ وَجَدَهُ خَالِيًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُخَاطَبُ مُتَرَدِّدًا فِيهِ أَيْ فِي الْحُكْمِ الْحَيْثِيَّةُ تَعْلِيلِيَّةٌ بِمَعْنَى وُقُوعِ النِّسْبَةِ طَالِبًا لَهُ بِأَنْ حَضَرَ فِي ذِهْنِهِ طَرَفَا الْحُكْمِ وَتَحَيَّرَ فِي أَنَّ الْحُكْمَ بَيْنَهُمَا وُقُوعُ النِّسْبَةِ أَوْ لَا وُقُوعُهَا حَسُنَ تَقْوِيَتُهُ أَيْ تَقْوِيَةُ الْحُكْمِ بِمُؤَكِّدٍ؛ لِيُزِيلَ ذَلِكَ الْمُؤَكِّدُ تَرَدُّدَهُ وَيَتَمَكَّنَ الْحُكْمُ، لَكِنَّ الْمَذْكُورَ فِي دَلَائِلِ الْإِعْجَازِ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَحْسُنُ التَّأْكِيدُ إِذَا كَانَ لِلْمُخَاطَبِ ظَنٌّ فِي خِلَافِ حُكْمِكَ.

Regarding the predicative attribution, since the judgment and hesitation regarding it are mutually exclusive, the passive voice is used to indicate that one can dispense with the confirmers of the judgment; they do not combine at all, such as 'inna' and the 'lam' and others, so that the judgment may be established in the mind when it finds it empty, and if the addressee is hesitant about it—that is, about the judgment, where the causal aspect means the occurrence of the relation—seeking it because the two sides of the judgment have appeared in his mind and he is confused as to whether the judgment between them is the occurrence of the relation or the non-occurrence of it, it is appropriate to strengthen it—that is, to strengthen the judgment—with a confirmer, so that this confirmer may remove his hesitation and the judgment may be established, but what is mentioned in Dala'il al-I'jaz is that confirmation is only appropriate if the addressee has a suspicion contrary to your judgment.

وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُخَاطَبُ مُنْكِرًا لِلْحُكْمِ وَجَبَ تَوْكِيدُهُ أَيْ تَوْكِيدُ الْحُكْمِ بِحَسَبِ الْإِنْكَارِ أَيْ بِقَدْرِهِ قُوَّةً وَضَعْفًا.

And if the addressee is a denier of the judgment, it is obligatory to confirm it—that is, to confirm the judgment—according to the denial, meaning in proportion to it in strength and weakness.

وَهِيَ اسْتُغْنِيَ إِلَخْ بِالْبِنَاءِ لِلْمَجْهُولِ، وَنَائِبُ فَاعِلِهِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ رَاجِعٌ إِلَى مَصْدَرِهِ وَالْمَعْنَى: وَقَعَ الِاسْتِغْنَاءُ عَنْ مُؤَكِّدَاتِ الْحُكْمِ، وَهَذَا احْتِرَازٌ عَنْ مُؤَكِّدَاتِ الطَّرَفَيْنِ كَالتَّأْكِيدِ اللَّفْظِيِّ وَالْمَعْنَوِيِّ؛ فَإِنَّهَا جَائِزَةٌ مَعَ الْخُلُوِّ، وَمُؤَكِّدَاتُ الْحُكْمِ هِيَ مِثْلُ: إِنَّ وَاللَّامِ وَاسْمِيَّةِ الْجُمْلَةِ، وَتَكْرِيرِهَا، وَأَمَّا الشَّرْطِيَّةُ وَحُرُوفُ التَّنْبِيهِ، وَحُرُوفُ الْعِلَّةِ، حُرُوفٌ مَعْدُودَةٌ مِثْلُ: إِنَّ وَبَاءٌ فِي مِثْلِ: ﴿كَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهيداً﴾، وَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى تَسْمِيَتِهَا بِحُرُوفِ الْعِلَّةِ؛ لِإِفَادَتِهَا تَأْكِيدَ الِاتِّصَالِ الثَّابِتِ (مُلَخَّصٌ) بِأَنْ حَضَرَ أَيْ لِلْحُكْمِ بِمَعْنَى الْعِلْمِ، فَفِيهِ اسْتِخْدَامٌ.

The phrase 'istughniya' etc., is in the passive voice, and its deputy subject is a hidden pronoun referring to its verbal noun, and the meaning is: 'Dispensation from the confirmers of the judgment has occurred,' and this is a precaution against the confirmers of the two sides, such as verbal and semantic emphasis; for they are permissible even when the mind is empty, and the confirmers of the judgment are like: 'inna', the 'lam', the nominal nature of the sentence, and its repetition, while the conditional, the particles of alerting, and the particles of causality are specific particles like: 'inna' and the 'ba' in such as: 'Sufficient is Allah as a witness,' and they have agreed to call them particles of causality because they convey the confirmation of the established connection (summary) by the phrase 'that it appeared,' meaning for the judgment in the sense of knowledge, so there is usage (istikhdam) in it.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (32 verbs · 94 nouns)

• تَنَافَى — to be mutually exclusive
• اِسْتَغْنَى — to dispense with
• بَنَى — to build
• إِسْنَاد — attribution
• خَبَر — informative
• حُكْم — judgment