Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 470

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْفَصْلُ وَالْوَصْلُ وَإِمَّا عَنْ غَيْرِهِمَا أَيْ غَيْرِ السَّبَبِ الْمُطْلَقِ وَالْخَاصِّ نَحْوَ قَالُوا سَلاماً قَالَ سَلامٌ أَيْ فَمَاذَا قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ فِي جَوَابِ سَلامِهِمْ؟

Conjunction and Disjunction: And it may be for other than them—that is, other than the absolute and specific cause—such as [the verse]: 'They said, "Peace," he said, "Peace"'; that is, what did Abraham, peace be upon him, say in response to their greeting?

فَقِيلَ: قَالَ سَلامٌ أَيْ حَيَّاهُمْ بِتَحِيَّةٍ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ تَحِيَّتِهِمْ؛ لِكَوْنِهَا بِالْجُمْلَةِ الاسْمِيَّةِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى الدَّوَامِ وَالثُّبُوتِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: زَعَمَ الْعَوَاذِلُ أَنَّنِي فِي غَمْرَةٍ وَشِدَّةٍ صَدَقُوا أَيْ جَمَاعَاتُ الْعَوَاذِلِ الَّتِي فِي زَعْمِهِمْ أَنَّنِي فِي غَمْرَةٍ، وَلَكِنَّ غَمْرَتِي لا تَنْجَلِي أَيْ لا تَنْكَشِفُ، بِخِلافِ أَكْثَرِ الْغَمَرَاتِ وَالشَّدَائِدِ، كَأَنَّهُ قِيلَ: أَصَدَقُوا أَمْ كَذَبُوا؟ فَقِيلَ: صَدَقُوا، وَأَيْضاً مِنْهُ أَيْ مِنَ الاسْتِئْنَافِ، وَهَذَا تَقْسِيمٌ آخَرُ مِنَ الاسْتِئْنَافِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى تَقْسِيمٍ آخَرَ لَهُ مَا يَأْتِي بِإِعَادَةِ اسْمِ مَا اسْتُؤْنِفَ عَنْهُ أَيْ أَوْقَعَ عَنْهُ الاسْتِئْنَافُ.

It was said: He said, 'Peace,' meaning he greeted them with a greeting better than theirs, because it is a nominal sentence indicating permanence and stability; and his saying: 'The censurers claimed that I am in a state of overwhelming difficulty; they spoke the truth,' meaning the groups of censurers who are in their claim that I am in a state of difficulty, 'but my difficulty does not clear away,' meaning it does not dissipate, unlike most difficulties and hardships; it is as if it were said: 'Did they speak the truth or did they lie?' and it was said: 'They spoke the truth'; and it is also from it—that is, from resumption—and this is another classification of resumption, an indication of another division of it, which is what comes by repeating the noun of that from which it was resumed, that is, that which caused the resumption.

وَإِمَّا عَنْ غَيْرِهِمَا: أَيْ عَنْ غَيْرِ السَّبَبِ الْخَاصِّ وَغَيْرِ السَّبَبِ الْمُطْلَقِ، وَهُوَ شَيْءٌ آخَرُ لَهُ تَعَلُّقٌ بِالْجُمْلَةِ الأُولَى يَقْتَضِي الْمَقَامُ السُّؤَالَ عَنْهُ إِمَّا عَامٌّ كَمَا فِي الآيَةِ، وَإِمَّا خَاصٌّ كَمَا فِي الْبَيْتِ؛ لأَنَّ الْعِلْمَ حَاصِلٌ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنَ الصِّدْقِ وَالْكَذِبِ، وَالسُّؤَالُ عَنْ تَعْيِينِهِ نَحْوَ قَالُوا أَيْ الرُّسُلُ أَعْنِي الْمَلائِكَةَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ لِقَوْمِ لُوطٍ، وَقَوْلُهُ: سَلاماً مَفْعُولٌ مَحْذُوفٌ أَيْ نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْكَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ سَلاماً، قَالَ سَلامٌ أَيْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ فِي جَوَابِ سَلامِ الْمَلائِكَةِ: سَلامٌ أَيْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَهُوَ مُبْتَدَأٌ حُذِفَ خَبَرُهُ، قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ فَقولُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ لَيْسَ سَبَباً لِسَلامِ الْمَلائِكَةِ لا عَامّاً وَلا خَاصّاً.

And it may be for other than them: that is, for other than the specific cause and the absolute cause, and it is something else that has a connection to the first sentence, which the context requires asking about, either generally as in the verse, or specifically as in the poem; because knowledge is obtained by one of the two—truth or falsehood—and the question is about determining which one, such as 'They said,' meaning the messengers, I mean the angels sent to the people of Lot, and his saying 'Peace' is an object of a deleted verb, meaning 'We greet you, O Abraham, with peace'; 'He said, "Peace"' means Abraham, peace be upon him, said in response to the angels' greeting: 'Peace,' meaning 'upon you,' so it is a subject whose predicate is deleted; thus, the saying of Abraham, peace be upon him, is not a cause for the angels' greeting, neither generally nor specifically.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (28 verbs · 80 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• حَيَّا — to greet
• زَعَمَ — to claim
• فَصْلٌ — separation
• وَصْلٌ — connection
• سَبَبٌ — cause