Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 408

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَمَّا اقْتِضَاءُ تَخْصِيصِهَا الْمُضَارِعَ بِالِاسْتِقْبَالِ لِمَزِيدِ اخْتِصَاصِهَا بِالْفِعْلِ فَظَاهِرٌ، وَأَمَّا اقْتِضَاءُ كَوْنِهَا لِطَلَبِ التَّصْدِيقِ فَقَطْ لِذَلِكَ فَلِأَنَّ التَّصْدِيقَ هُوَ الْحُكْمُ بِالثُّبُوتِ أَوِ الِانْتِفَاءِ، وَالنَّفْيُ وَالْإِثْبَاتُ إِنَّمَا يَتَوَجَّهَانِ إِلَى الْمَعَانِي وَالْأَحْدَاثِ الَّتِي هِيَ مَدْلُولَاتُ الْأَفْعَالِ لَا إِلَى الذَّوَاتِ الَّتِي هِيَ مَدْلُولَاتُ الْأَسْمَاءِ، وَلِهَذَا أَيْ وَلِأَنَّ لَهَا مَزِيدَ اخْتِصَاصٍ بِالْفِعْلِ كَانَ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ شَاكِرُونَ أَدَلَّ عَلَى طَلَبِ الشُّكْرِ مِنْ "فَهَلْ تَشْكُرُونَ" وَ"فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ" مَعَ أَنَّهُ مُؤَكَّدٌ بِالتَّكْرِيرِ؛ إِذْ "أَنْتُمْ" فَاعِلُ فِعْلٍ مَحْذُوفٍ؛ لِأَنَّ إِبْرَازَ مَا سَيَتَجَدَّدُ فِي مَعْرِضِ الثَّابِتِ: بِالِاسْتِقْبَالِ: الْبَاءُ دَاخِلَةٌ عَلَى الْمَقْصُورِ عَلَيْهِ.

As for the requirement that it restricts the imperfect verb to the future tense due to its greater affinity with the verb, it is evident; and as for the requirement that it is for requesting confirmation only for that reason, it is because confirmation is the judgment of affirmation or negation, and negation and affirmation are directed only toward meanings and events which are the referents of verbs, not toward essences which are the referents of nouns; and for this reason—that is, because it has a greater affinity with the verb—'So are you grateful?' (fa-hal antum shakiron) is more indicative of a request for gratitude than 'So do you give thanks?' (fa-hal tashkurun) and 'So are you giving thanks?' (fa-hal antum tashkurun), even though it is emphasized by repetition, since 'antum' is the subject of an omitted verb; because bringing out what will be renewed in the context of the fixed: regarding the future: the 'ba' is prefixed to that which is restricted.

فَظَاهِرٌ وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ "هَلْ" إِذَا كَانَتْ تُخَصِّصُ الْمُضَارِعَ بِزَمَانِ الِاسْتِقْبَالِ كَانَ لَهَا ارْتِبَاطٌ وَتَعَلُّقٌ بِالْفِعْلِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُضَارِعَ نَوْعٌ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ تَعَلُّقٌ بِالنَّوْعِ كَانَ لَهُ تَعَلُّقٌ بِالْجِنْسِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ تُخَصِّصُ الْمُضَارِعَ بِالِاسْتِقْبَالِ صَارَ لَهَا فِيهِ تَأْثِيرٌ، وَتَأْثِيرُهَا فِي الْمُضَارِعِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهَا مَزِيدَ تَعَلُّقٍ بِجِنْسِ الْفِعْلِ، وَإِلَّا لَمَا أَثَّرَتْ فِي بَعْضِ أَنْوَاعِهِ.

It is evident, and that is because when 'hal' restricts the imperfect verb to the time of the future, it has a connection and relation to the verb; because the imperfect verb is a type of verb, and whatever has a connection to the type has a connection to the genus; because if it restricts the imperfect verb to the future, it has an effect upon it, and its effect on the imperfect verb is evidence that it has a greater connection to the genus of the verb, otherwise it would not have affected some of its types.

فِي هَذَا التَّوْجِيهِ نَظَرٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَقْتَضِي أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ دُخُولُ "هَلْ" عَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ الِاسْمِيَّةِ؛ لِعَدَمِ دَلَالَتِهَا عَلَى الْمَعَانِي وَالْأَحْدَاثِ وَالْمُدَّعَى أَنَّ لَهَا زِيَادَةَ تَعَلُّقٍ بِالْفِعْلِ لَا أَنَّهَا مُخْتَصَّةٌ بِهِ وَأُجِيبَ بِأَنَّ تِلْكَ الْمَعَانِي وَالْأَحْدَاثَ كَمَا مَدْلُولَاتُ الْأَفْعَالِ مَدْلُولَاتٌ أَيْضًا لِلْأَسْمَاءِ الْمُشْتَقَّةِ لَكِنَّهَا مَدْلُولَاتٌ لِلْأَفْعَالِ بِطَرِيقِ الْأَصَالَةِ وَلِلْمُشْتَقَّاتِ بِطَرِيقِ التَّبَعِيَّةِ، فَلِذَا كَانَ لَهَا مَزِيدُ تَعَلُّقٍ بِالْأَفْعَالِ.

There is a critical view regarding this explanation, because it implies that it is not permissible for 'hal' to enter upon a nominal sentence due to its lack of indication of meanings and events, while the claim is that it has an increased connection to the verb, not that it is restricted to it; and it was answered that those meanings and events, just as they are referents of verbs, are also referents of derived nouns, but they are referents of verbs by way of originality and of derivatives by way of subordination, and therefore it has a greater connection to verbs.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 74 nouns)

• اِقْتَضَى — to require
• خَصَّصَ — to specify
• تَوَجَّهَ — to be directed
• اِقْتِضَاءٌ — requirement
• تَخْصِيصٌ — specification
• مُضَارِعٌ — present tense verb