Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 393

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْإِنْشَاءُ وَ"لَوْلَا" وَ"لَوْمَا" مَأْخُوذَتَانِ مِنْهُمَا خَبَرُ "كَأَنَّ" أَيْ كَأَنَّهُمَا مَأْخُوذَتَانِ مِنْ "هَلْ" وَ"لَوْ" اللَّتَيْنِ أَيْ مِنْ "هَلْ" وَ"لَوْ" "لَا" وَ"مَا" الْمَزِيدَتَيْنِ؛ لِتَضَمُّنِهِمَا عِلَّةٌ لِقَوْلِهِ: مُرَكَّبَتَيْنِ، حَالٌ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ الْمَجْرُورِ بِـ"مِنْ" لِلتَّمَنِّي حَالُ كَوْنِهِمَا مُرَكَّبَتَيْنِ مَعَ وَلِتَضْمِينِ جَعْلُ الشَّيْءِ فِي ضِمْنِ الشَّيْءِ، تَقُولُ: ضَمَّنْتُ الْكِتَابَ كَذَا بَابًا بَابًا إِذَا جَعَلْتَهُ أَيْ مُحْتَوِيًا عَلَيْهِ مُتَضَمِّنًا لِتِلْكَ الْأَبْوَابِ يَعْنِي أَنَّ الْغَرَضَ وَالْمَطْلُوبَ مِنَ هَذَا التَّرْكِيبِ وَالْتِزَامِهِ هُوَ جَعْلُ "هَلْ" وَ"لَوْ" مُتَضَمِّنَتَيْنِ مَعْنَى التَّمَنِّي؛ لِيَتَوَلَّدَ عِلَّةُ "لِتَضْمِينِهِمَا" يَعْنِي أَنَّ الْغَرَضَ مِنَ أَيْ مُسْتَلْزِمَتَيْنِ الْإِضَافَةُ بَيَانِيَّةٌ تَضْمِينِهِمَا مَعْنَى التَّمَنِّي لَيْسَ إِفَادَةَ التَّمَنِّي، بَلْ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّدَ مِنْهُ أَيْ مِنْ مَعْنَى التَّمَنِّي الْمُتَضَمِّنَتَيْنِ هُمَا إِيَّاهُ فِي الْمَاضِي التَّنْدِيمُ نَحْوُ: هَلَّا أَكْرَمْتَ زَيْدًا وَلَوْمَ أَكْرَمْتَهُ عَلَى مَعْنَى لَوْ وَهَلْ الْمُرَكَّبَتَيْنِ مَعَ الْفِعْلِ الْمَاضِي لِتَضْمِينِهِمَا: أَيْ "لَوْ" وَ"هَلْ" قَبْلَ تَرْكِيبِهِمَا مَعَ "لَا" وَ"مَا" لِلتَّمَنِّي، فَمَا مَعْنَى كَوْنِ تَرْكِيبِهِمَا لِأَجْلِ أَنْ يُضَمَّنَا مَعْنَى التَّمَنِّي، وَيُجَابُ بِأَنَّهُمَا قَبْلَ التَّرْكِيبِ لِلتَّمَنِّي جَوَازًا وَاحْتِمَالًا، وَبَعْدَهُ لِلتَّمَنِّي وُجُوبًا وَنَصًّا، فَكَأَنَّهُ قَالَ: لِتَضْمِينِهِمَا مَعْنَى التَّمَنِّي عَلَى التَّنْصِيصِ وَاللُّزُومِ.

The construction, and 'lawla' and 'lawma' are derived from them; the predicate of 'ka'anna' means as if they were derived from 'hal' and 'law', which are—that is, from 'hal' and 'law'—'la' and 'ma' which are added; for their inclusion is the reason for his statement: 'compounded', which is a circumstantial qualifier (hal) of the pronoun governed by 'min' for wishing, in the state of their being compounded with, and for inclusion, which is making a thing within another thing; you say: 'I included such and such chapters in the book' if you made it, that is, containing it, including those chapters, meaning that the purpose and requirement of this composition and its adherence is to make 'hal' and 'law' include the meaning of wishing; so that there may be generated—the reason for 'for their inclusion'—meaning that the purpose of, that is, implying—the genitive construction is explanatory—their inclusion of the meaning of wishing is not to convey wishing, but that there should be generated from it, that is, from the meaning of wishing which they include, in the past, the act of causing regret, such as: 'halla akramta zaydan' (would that you had honored Zayd) and 'lawma akramtahu' (would that you had honored him) based on the meaning of 'law' and 'hal' compounded with the past verb for their inclusion: that is, 'law' and 'hal' before their composition with 'la' and 'ma' for wishing; so what is the meaning of their composition being for the sake of them being included with the meaning of wishing? It is answered that they were, before composition, for wishing permissibly and potentially, and after it, for wishing obligatorily and explicitly, so it is as if he said: for their inclusion of the meaning of wishing by way of explicit designation and necessity.

عِلَّةٌ لِقَوْلِهِ إِلَخْ: فَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ تَرْكِيبَ "هَلْ" وَ"لَوْ" مَعَ مَا ذُكِرَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ لِأَجْلِ تَضْمِينِهِمَا، أَيْ جَعْلِهِمَا مُتَضَمِّنَتَيْنِ أَيْ مُشْتَمِلَتَيْنِ دَالَّتَيْنِ عَلَى مَعْنَى التَّمَنِّي، فَالْمُرَادُ بِالتَّضْمِينِ هُنَا جَعْلُ الشَّيْءِ مَدْلُولًا لِلَّفْظِ لَا جَعْلُهُ جُزْءًا مِنَ الْمَدْلُولِ الَّذِي هُوَ التَّضَمُّنُ اصْطِلَاحًا، وَنَظِيرُ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُكَ: "ضَمَّنْتُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ كَذَا بَابًا بَابًا، فَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ أَنِّي جَعَلْتُ الْأَبْوَابَ جُزْءًا مِنْ أَجْزَاءِ الْكِتَابِ بَلْ جَعَلْتُ الْأَبْوَابَ نَفْسَ أَجْزَاءِ الْكِتَابِ لَا مَعَ زَائِدٍ عَلَيْهَا.

A reason for his statement, etc.: The meaning is that the composition of 'hal' and 'law' with what was mentioned is only for the sake of their inclusion, that is, making them include, meaning containing and indicating the meaning of wishing; so the intended meaning of inclusion here is making a thing a signified of the expression, not making it a part of the signified, which is 'inclusion' (tadamun) in technical terminology, and the parallel to that is your saying: 'I included such and such chapters in this book,' for the intention is not that I made the chapters a part of the parts of the book, but rather I made the chapters the very parts of the book, not with something added to them.

مُتَضَمِّنًا أَيْ مُشْتَمِلًا عَلَيْهَا اشْتِمَالَ الْكُلِّ عَلَى أَجْزَائِهِ.

Including, that is, containing them, like the containment of the whole by its parts.

…5 more translated lines, 13 more verbs and 55 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 58 nouns)

• أَخَذَ — to take
• ضَمَّنَ — to include
• جَعَلَ — to make
• إِنْشَاء — composition
• خَبَر — predicate
• عِلَّة — cause