Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 362

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْفَنُّ الْأَوَّلُ.

The first art.

الْقَصْرُ.

Restriction.

خَالٍ عَنِ الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُخَاطَبَ اعْتَقَدَ أَنَّهُ قَاعِدٌ وَفِي قَصْرِهَا أَيْ قَصْرِ الصِّفَةِ عَلَى الْمَوْصُوفِ إِفْرَادًا وَقَلْبًا بِحَسَبِ الْمَقَامِ نَحْوَ زَيْدٌ شَاعِرٌ لَا عَمْرٌو، أَوْ مَا عَمْرٌو شَاعِرًا بَلْ زَيْدٌ، وَيَجُوزُ "مَا شَاعِرٌ عَمْرٌو بَلْ زَيْدٌ" بِتَقْدِيمِ الْخَبَرِ، لَكِنَّهُ يَجِبُ حِينَئِذٍ رَفْعُ الِاسْمَيْنِ؛ لِبُطْلَانِ الْعَمَلِ، وَلَمَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي قَصْرِ الْمَوْصُوفِ مِثَالُ الْإِفْرَادِ صَالِحًا لِلْقَلْبِ لِاشْتِرَاطِ عَدَمِ التَّنَافِي فِي الْإِفْرَادِ وَتَحَقُّقِ التَّنَافِي فِي الْقَلْبِ عَلَى زَعْمِهِ أَوْرَدَ لِلْقَلْبِ مِثَالًا يَتَنَافَى فِيهِ الْوَصْفَانِ، بِخِلَافِ قَصْرِ الصِّفَةِ فَإِنَّ مِثَالًا وَاحِدًا يَصْلُحُ لَهُمَا، وَلَمَّا كَانَ كُلُّ غَيْرِ مِثَالِ الْإِفْرَادِ خَالٍ عَنِ الدَّلَالَةِ: فَإِذَا جِيءَ بِحَسَبِ الْمَقَامِ: أَيْ حَالِ الْمُخَاطَبِ، فَإِنِ اعْتَقَدَ الْمُخَاطَبُ شَرِكَةَ زَيْدٍ وَعَمْرٍو فِي الشَّاعِرِيَّةِ أَوْ فِي انْتِفَائِهَا كَانَ قَصْرَ إِفْرَادٍ، وَإِنِ اعْتَقَدَ الْعَكْسَ كَانَ قَصْرَ قَلْبٍ وَلَا تَغْفُلْ عَنْ كَوْنِ تَنَافِي الْوَصْفَيْنِ إِنَّمَا يُشْتَرَطُ عِنْدَ الْمُصَنِّفِ فِي قَصْرِ الْقَلْبِ إِذَا كَانَ قَصْرَ مَوْصُوفٍ عَلَى صِفَةٍ لَا قَصْرَ صِفَةٍ عَلَى مَوْصُوفٍ؛ لِئَلَّا يُشْكِلَ عَلَيْكَ كَوْنُ زَيْدٍ شَاعِرٌ لَا عَمْرٌو قَصْرَ قَلْبٍ، وَمَثَّلَ الْمُصَنِّفُ بِمِثَالَيْنِ لِمَا سَبَقَ.

It is devoid of indicating that the addressee believed he was sitting, and regarding its restriction—that is, the restriction of the attribute to the described—it is [divided into] specification and inversion according to the context, such as 'Zayd is a poet, not Amr,' or 'Amr is not a poet, but Zayd is.' It is permissible to say 'Amr is not a poet, but Zayd is' by advancing the predicate, but in that case, it is mandatory to put both nouns in the nominative case due to the invalidation of the [governing] action. Since the example of specification in the restriction of the described was not suitable for inversion—due to the requirement of non-contradiction in specification and the realization of contradiction in inversion according to his claim—he provided an example for inversion in which the two descriptions contradict each other, unlike the restriction of the attribute, for which a single example suffices for both. And since everything other than the example of specification is devoid of indication, when it is brought according to the context—that is, the state of the addressee—if the addressee believed in the partnership of Zayd and Amr in poetry or in its negation, it is a restriction of specification; and if he believed the opposite, it is a restriction of inversion. Do not overlook the fact that the contradiction of the two descriptions is only required by the author in the restriction of inversion when it is a restriction of a described to an attribute, not a restriction of an attribute to a described, so that it does not become confusing to you that 'Zayd is a poet, not Amr' is a restriction of inversion, and the author provided two examples for what preceded.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 68 nouns)

• اعْتَقَدَ — to believe
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• فَنٌّ — art
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• قَصْرٌ — restriction