Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 343

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ مُتَعَلِّقَاتِ الْفِعْلِ بِاعْتِبَارِ ذَاتِهِ لِأَنَّهَا أَوَّلُ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فَكَانَ الْأَمْرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ أَهَمَّ بِاعْتِبَارِ هَذَا الْعَارِضِ وَإِنْ كَانَ ذِكْرُ كَوْنِهَا أَوَّلَ مَا نَزَلَ اللَّهُ أَهَمَّ فِي نَفْسِهِ، هَذَا جَوَابُ صَاحِبِ "الْكَشَّافِ"، وَبِأَنَّهُ أَيْ "بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ" مُتَعَلِّقٌ اقْرَأْ الثَّانِي أَيْ هُوَ مَفْعُولُ "اقْرَأْ" الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ، وَمَعْنَى "اقْرَأْ" الْأَوَّلِ أَوْجِدِ الْقِرَاءَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ اعْتِبَارِ تَعْدِيَتِهِ إِلَى مَقْرُوءٍ بِهِ كَمَا فِي "فُلَانٌ يُعْطِي" كَذَا فِي "الْمِفْتَاحِ".

The states of the verb's adjuncts in consideration of its essence, because it is the first surah that was revealed, so the command to read was more important in consideration of this incidental factor, even if the mention of it being the first thing that God revealed is more important in itself; this is the answer of the author of al-Kashshaf, and that it, meaning 'bi-ismi rabbika' (in the name of your Lord), is linked to the second 'iqra' (read), meaning it is the object of the 'iqra' that follows it, and the meaning of the first 'iqra' is 'bring about reading' without considering its transitivity to something read, as in 'so-and-so gives'; this is how it is in al-Miftah.

تَقْدِيمُ بَعْضِ الْمَعْمُولَاتِ وَتَقْدِيمُ بَعْضِ مَعْمُولَاتِهِ أَيْ مَعْمُولَاتِ الْفِعْلِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ؛ أَوَّلُ سُورَةٍ وَقِيلَ: أَوَّلُ مَا نَزَلَ سُورَةُ الْفَاتِحَةِ، وَقِيلَ: أَوَّلُ مَا نَزَلَ سُورَةُ الْمُدَّثِّرِ، وَالتَّحْقِيقُ أَنَّ الْخِلَافَ لَفْظِيٌّ؛ لِأَنَّ أَوَّلَ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ بِتَمَامِهَا سُورَةُ الْفَاتِحَةِ، وَأَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ، وَأَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ بَعْدَ فَتْرَةِ الْوَحْيِ أَوَّلُ "الْمُدَّثِّرِ"، إِذَا عَلِمْتَ هَذَا فَقَوْلُ الشَّارِحِ: "لِأَنَّهَا أَوَّلُ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ" فِيهِ مُسَامَحَةٌ، وَالْأَوْلَى أَنْ يَقُولَ: أَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ مِنْ سُورَةٍ.

The precedence of some objects and the precedence of some of its objects, meaning the objects of the verb, over others; the first surah, and it was said: the first thing revealed was Surah al-Fatihah, and it was said: the first thing revealed was Surah al-Muddaththir, and the verification is that the disagreement is verbal; because the first surah that was revealed in its entirety is Surah al-Fatihah, and the first verse that was revealed absolutely is 'Read in the name of your Lord' up to His saying: 'Taught man that which he knew not', and the first verse that was revealed after the interval of revelation is the beginning of 'al-Muddaththir'; when you know this, then the statement of the commentator: 'because it is the first surah that was revealed' contains a looseness, and it would be better to say: the first verse that was revealed from a surah.

الْأَمْرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ دُونَ بَيَانِ مُلَابَسَاتِهَا الْمُتَوَقِّفِ عَلَى الْعِلْمِ بِأَصْلِهَا مُتَعَلِّقٌ إِلَخْ: وَهُوَ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى أَنَّ تَعَلُّقَ "بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ" بِـ"اقْرَأْ" الثَّانِي تَعَلُّقُ الْمَفْعُولِيَّةِ، وَدُخُولُ "الْبَاءِ" لِلدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى التَّكْرِيرِ وَالدَّوَامِ، كَقَوْلِكَ: أَخَذْتُ الْخِطَامَ، وَأَخَذْتُ بِالْخِطَامِ هُوَ مَفْعُولٌ إِلَخْ: أَيْ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ بِوَاسِطَةِ الْحَرْفِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْبَاءَ لِلِاسْتِعَانَةِ أَوِ الْمُصَاحَبَةِ، وَنَظِيرُ التَّرْكِيبِ "بِالْقَلَمِ كَتَبْتُ" أَوْ "بِثِيَابِي ذَهَبْتُ" هَذَا هُوَ الْمُتَّجَهُ، وَقِيلَ: مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ بِلَا وَاسِطَةٍ فِي الْأَصْلِ، فَالْمَعْنَى: اقْرَأِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ، وَإِنَّمَا أُدْخِلَتِ الْبَاءُ عَلَى مَا هُوَ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ بِلَا وَاسِطَةٍ دَلَالَةً عَلَى التَّكْرِيرِ وَالدَّوَامِ، وَنَظِيرُهُ بِالْخِطَامِ أَخَذْتُ أَيْ أَخَذْتُ الْخِطَامَ.

The command to read without explaining its circumstances, which depends on knowledge of its origin, is linked, etc.: and it is based on the fact that the link of 'bi-ismi rabbika' to the second 'iqra' is the link of objecthood, and the entry of the 'ba' is to indicate repetition and continuity, like your saying: 'I took the halter' and 'I took hold of the halter'; it is an object, etc.: meaning an object by means of the particle, on the basis that the 'ba' is for seeking aid or accompaniment, and the equivalent of the construction is 'with the pen I wrote' or 'in my clothes I went'; this is the sound view, and it was said: it is an object without a mediator in the origin, so the meaning is: 'Read the name of your Lord', and the 'ba' was only introduced to what is an object without a mediator to indicate repetition and continuity, and its equivalent is 'by the halter I took', meaning 'I took the halter'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (10 verbs · 64 nouns)

• نَزَلَ — to descend
• قَرَأَ — to read
• أَوْجَدَ — to create
• أَحْوَال — conditions
• مُتَعَلِّق — dependent
• فِعْل — verb