Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 333

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ مُتَعَلِّقَاتِ الْفِعْلِ وَإِمَّا لِلتَّعْمِيمِ فِي الْمَفْعُولِ مَعَ الِاخْتِصَارِ كَقَوْلِكَ: قَدْ كَانَ مِنْكَ مَا يُؤْلِمُ، أَيْ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْإِيلَامِ بِقَرِينَةِ أَنَّ الْمَقَامَ مَقَامُ الْمُبَالَغَةِ، وَهَذَا التَّعْمِيمُ وَإِنْ أَمْكَنَ يُسْتَفَادُ مِنْ ذِكْرِ الْمَفْعُولِ بِصِيغَةِ الْعُمُومِ لَكِنْ يَفُوتُ الِاخْتِصَارُ حِينَئِذٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ أَيْ وَعَلَى حَذْفِ الْمَفْعُولِ لِلتَّعْمِيمِ مَعَ الِاخْتِصَارِ وَرَدَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى دَارِ السَّلَامِ﴾ أَيْ جَمِيعَ عِبَادِهِ، فَالْمِثَالُ الْأَوَّلُ يُفِيدُ الْعُمُومَ مُبَالَغَةً، وَالثَّانِي تَحْقِيقًا، وَإِمَّا لِمُجَرَّدِ الِاخْتِصَارِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُعْتَبَرَ مَعَهُ فَائِدَةٌ أُخْرَى مِنَ التَّعْمِيمِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَفِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ عِنْدَ قِيَامِ قَرِينَةٍ، وَهُوَ تَذْكِرَةٌ لِمَا سَبَقَ وَلَا حَاجَةَ إِلَيْهِ، وَمَا يُقَالُ مِنْ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ عِنْدَ قِيَامِ قَرِينَةٍ دَالَّةٍ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَذْفَ لِمُجَرَّدِ الِاخْتِصَارِ لَيْسَ بِسَدِيدٍ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مَعْلُومٌ وَمَعَ هَذَا جَارٍ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَقْسَامِ، وَإِمَّا لِلتَّعْمِيمِ: هَذَا مِنَ الْقِسْمِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ لَهُ مَفْعُولٌ مَقْصُودٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُحْذَفُ مِنَ اللَّفْظِ لِيَعُمَّ فَيَشْمَلَ الْمَقْصُودَ وَغَيْرَهُ نَحْوَ: قَدْ كَانَ مِنْكَ مَا يُؤْلِمُ مَكَانَ مَا يُؤْلِمُنِي حَذْفُ الْمَفْعُولِ؛ لِيَعُمَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُتَكَلِّمُ، فَيَشْمَلُهُ كَمَا اشْتَمَلَ غَيْرَهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا أَيْ مَا كَانَ مِنْكَ مَا يُؤْلِمُ مَكَانَ مَا يُؤْلِمُ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ مَا أَفَادَ الِاخْتِصَارَ.

The states of the verb's dependents: either for generalization in the object while maintaining brevity, as in your saying: 'There has been from you that which causes pain,' meaning causing pain to everyone, by the indication that the context is one of hyperbole. This generalization, even if it could be derived from mentioning the object in a form of generality, would result in the loss of brevity at that point. Upon this—that is, upon the omission of the object for generalization with brevity—came the saying of the Almighty: 'And Allah invites to the Home of Peace,' meaning all of His servants. Thus, the first example provides generalization hyperbolically, and the second [provides it] literally. Or [it is omitted] merely for brevity, without considering any other benefit along with it, such as generalization or otherwise. In some copies, it is 'upon the existence of an indication,' which is a reminder of what preceded, and there is no need for it. What is said, that the intended meaning is 'upon the existence of an indication indicating that the omission is merely for brevity,' is not sound, because this meaning is known, and furthermore, it applies to all other categories. 'Or for generalization': this is from the category that has an intended object, except that it is omitted from the wording so that it may be general, thus including the intended [object] and others, such as: 'There has been from you that which causes pain' instead of 'that which causes me pain,' where the object is omitted so that it may include everyone, including the speaker, thus including him just as it included others. If this—that is, 'there has been from you that which causes pain'—were instead of 'that which causes pain to everyone,' it would not have provided brevity.

بِقَرِينَةٍ إِلَخْ أَيِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ فِي الْوَصْفِ بِالْإِيلَامِ، فَيَكُونُ هَذَا الْمَقَامُ قَرِينَةً عَلَى إِرَادَةِ الْعُمُومِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَفْعُولِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ مَا يُؤْلِمُنِي أَوْ يُؤْلِمُ بَعْضَ النَّاسِ أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ.

'By an indication, etc.': meaning the hyperbole in the description of causing pain. Thus, this context serves as an indication of the intent of generalization in that object, and that the intended meaning is not 'what causes me pain' or 'what causes some people pain' or the like.

وَعَلَيْهِ فِيهِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى التَّفَاوُتِ بَيْنَ الْمِثَالَيْنِ.

And upon it, there is an indication of the difference between the two examples.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 61 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• آلَمَ — to cause pain
• أَمْكَنَ — to be possible
• أَحْوَال — states
• مُتَعَلِّق — related thing
• فِعْل — verb