Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 282

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ أَيْ عَلَى اسْتِعْمَالِ الْمَاضِي مَعَ "إِنْ" لِإِظْهَارِ الرَّغْبَةِ فِي الْوُقُوعِ، وَرَدَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّناً﴾ (النُّور:٣٣) حَيْثُ لَمْ يَقُلْ: إِنْ يُرِدْنَ، فَإِنَّ قِيلَ: تَعْلِيقُ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْإِكْرَاهِ بِإِرَادَتِهِنَّ التَّحَصُّنَ يُشْعِرُ بِجَوَازِ الْإِكْرَاهِ عِنْدَ انْتِفَائِهَا عَلَى مَا هُوَ مُقْتَضَى التَّعْلِيقِ بِالشَّرْطِ أُجِيبَ بِأَنَّ الْقَائِلِينَ بِأَنَّ التَّقْيِيدَ بِالشَّرْطِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى نَفْيِ الْحُكْمِ عِنْدَ انْتِفَائِهِ إِنَّمَا يَقُولُونَ بِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَظْهَرْ لِلشَّرْطِ فَائِدَةٌ أُخْرَى، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَائِدَتُهُ فِي الْآيَةِ الْمُبَالَغَةُ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْإِكْرَاهِ، يَعْنِي أَنَّهُنَّ إِذَا أَرَدْنَ الْعِفَّةَ فَالْمَوْلَى أَحَقُّ بِإِرَادَتِهَا، وَأَيْضاً دَلَالَةُ الشَّرْطِ عَلَى انْتِفَاءِ الْحُكْمِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِحَسَبِ الظَّاهِرِ، لِإِظْهَارِ الرَّغْبَةِ إِلَخْ: مَعْنَى إِظْهَارِ الرَّغْبَةِ فِي حَقِّهِ تَعَالَى إِظْهَارُ شِدَّةِ رِضَاهُ بِإِرَادَةِ التَّحَصُّنِ فَهُوَ مَجَازٌ فِي لَازِمِهِ، وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ إِظْهَارُ كَوْنِ الشَّيْءِ مَرْغُوباً فِيهِ فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ لَا إِظْهَارُ الرَّغْبَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ بِالْمُتَكَلِّمِ.

Regarding the states of the predicate, that is, the use of the past tense with "in" (if) to express a desire for the occurrence [of the action], the Almighty's saying came: "And do not force your slave girls to prostitution if they desire chastity" (An-Nur: 33), where He did not say: "if they desire" (using the present tense). If it is said: "Suspending the prohibition of coercion upon their desire for chastity implies the permissibility of coercion when that desire is absent, as is the requirement of suspension by a condition," it is answered that those who say that restriction by a condition indicates the negation of the ruling when it is absent only say so if no other benefit for the condition appears. It is possible that its benefit in the verse is to emphasize the prohibition of coercion, meaning that if they desire chastity, the master is more entitled to [respect] that desire. Furthermore, the indication of the condition regarding the negation of the ruling is only according to the apparent meaning. Regarding 'to express desire, etc.': The meaning of expressing desire in relation to the Almighty is the expression of the intensity of His approval of the desire for chastity, so it is a metaphor for its necessary consequence. It was also said: The intended meaning is to show that the thing is desirable in itself, not to show a desire existing within the speaker.

الْبِغَاءُ: أَيِ الزِّنَا، كَانَتِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةُ تُكْرِهُ الْإِمَاءَ عَلَى الزِّنَا، فَجَاءَ تَحْرِيمُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ.

Al-bigha': meaning adultery; the pre-Islamic era used to force slave girls into adultery, so its prohibition came in Islam.

إِنْ أَرَدْنَ إِلَخْ: فَقَدْ جِيءَ بِاللَّفْظِ الْمَاضِي وَهُوَ "أَرَدْنَ" وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: "يُرِدْنَ" مَعَ أَنَّ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْإِكْرَاهِ الْمُعَلَّقِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اسْتِقْبَالِيٌّ، حَيْثُ قِيلَ: وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا إِلَخْ، لِلدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى رَغْبَةِ الْمَوْلَى سُبْحَانَهُ فِي إِرَادَتِهِنَّ التَّحَصُّنَ أَيْ لِلدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى رِضَى الْمَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ.

'If they desire, etc.': The past tense word 'aradna' was used, and He did not say 'yuridna', even though the prohibition of coercion suspended upon that is future-oriented, as it was said: 'And do not force, etc.', to indicate the desire of the Master, Glory be to Him, for their desire for chastity, meaning to indicate the Master's approval of that.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 62 nouns)

• وَرَدَ — to occur or appear
• كَرِهَ — to hate
• أَرَادَ — to want
• أَحْوَال — states
• مُسْنَد — predicate
• اسْتِعْمَال — usage