Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 266

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْفَنُّ الْأَوَّلُ أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ مِثْلُ خَوْفِ انْقِضَاءِ الْمُدَّةِ وَالْفُرْصَةِ أَوْ إِرَادَةِ أَنْ لَا يَطَّلِعَ الْحَاضِرُونَ عَلَى زَمَانِ الْفِعْلِ أَوْ مَكَانِهِ أَوْ مَفْعُولِهِ، أَوْ عَدَمِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمُقَيِّدَاتِ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ.

The first art: The states of the predicate, such as the fear of the expiration of the time and the opportunity, or the desire that those present do not become aware of the time of the action, its place, or its object, or the lack of knowledge of the qualifiers, or the like.

أَيْ عِلْمُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ لِذَلِكَ الْفِعْلِ [تَقْيِيدُ الْفِعْلِ بِالشَّرْطِ] وَأَمَّا تَقْيِيدُهُ أَيِ الْفِعْلِ بِالشَّرْطِ مِثْلُ: أَكْرِمْكَ إِنْ تُكْرِمْنِي، أَوْ إِنْ تُكْرِمْنِي أَكْرِمْكَ، الْوَاقِعُ مُسْنَدًا وَمَا يُشْبِهُهُ أَيْ جُمْلَةُ الشَّرْطِ عَطْفُ تَفْسِيرٍ مِثَالٌ لِتَأَخُّرِ الْجَزَاءِ فَلِاعْتِبَارَاتٍ وَحَالَاتٍ تَقْتَضِي تَقْيِيدَهُ، بِهِ لَا تُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِمَعْرِفَةِ مَا بَيْنَ أَدَوَاتِهِ يَعْنِي حُرُوفَ الشَّرْطِ وَأَسْمَاءَهُ مِنَ التَّفْصِيلِ وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ التَّفْصِيلَ فِي عِلْمِ النَّحْوِ، وَفِي هَذَا الْكَلَامِ بَيَانٌ لِـ"مَا" كَالظَّرْفِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الشَّرْطَ فِي عُرْفِ أَهْلِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ قَيْدٌ لِحُكْمِ الْجَزَاءِ مِثْلُ الْمَفْعُولِ بِهِ وَنَحْوِهِ، فَقَوْلُكَ: "إِنْ جِئْتَنِي أَكْرِمْكَ" بِمَنْزِلَةِ قَوْلِهِ: أَكْرِمْكَ وَقْتَ مَجِيئِكَ إِيَّايَ، وَلَا يَخْرُجُ الْكَلَامُ بِهَذَا التَّقْيِيدِ عَمَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْخَبَرِيَّةِ وَالْإِنْشَائِيَّةِ، الَّذِي هُوَ الْجَزَاءُ أَيْ لِجُمْلَةِ الشَّرْطِ قَبْلَ التَّقْيِيدِ بِالشَّرْطِ.

Meaning, the speaker's knowledge of that action [qualifying the action with a condition]. As for qualifying it—that is, the action—with a condition, such as: 'I will honor you if you honor me,' or 'If you honor me, I will honor you,' which occurs as a predicate, and what resembles it—that is, the conditional sentence—is an explanatory conjunction, an example of the delay of the apodosis. For there are considerations and states that require qualifying it with it, which are not known except by knowing the details between its tools, meaning the particles of condition and its nouns, and that detail has been explained in the science of grammar. In this speech, there is an explanation of 'what' as an adverb, an indication that the condition in the convention of the people of Arabic is a qualifier for the ruling of the apodosis, like the direct object and the like. So your saying: 'If you come to me, I will honor you' is equivalent to his saying: 'I will honor you at the time of your coming to me.' The speech does not depart with this qualification from what it was in terms of being declarative or performative, which is the apodosis—that is, for the conditional sentence before the qualification with the condition.

عَدَمُ الْعِلْمِ إِلَخْ: أَيْ عَدَمُ عِلْمِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ بِالْمُقَيِّدَاتِ كَقَوْلِكَ: ضَرَبْتُ وَلَمْ تَقُلْ زَيْدًا مَثَلًا؛ لِعَدَمِ عِلْمِكَ بِمَنْ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ ضَرْبُكَ، وَاعْتُرِضَ عَلَى جَعْلِ الشَّارِحِ عَدَمَ الْعِلْمِ مَانِعًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَانِعَ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا وُجُودِيًّا، وَهَذَا أَمْرٌ عَدَمِيٌّ، وَلِأَنَّ الْمَانِعَ مِنَ الشَّيْءِ يَكُونُ مُنَافِيًا لَهُ وَعَدَمُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْمُقَيِّدَاتِ لَا يُنَافِي التَّرْبِيَةَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُتَعَذِّرَةً مَعَهُ، وَأُجِيبَ: بِأَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِـ"الْمَانِعِ" هُنَا الْمَانِعُ اللُّغَوِيُّ، وَهُوَ مَا لَا يَتَأَتَّى تَحْصِيلُ الشَّيْءِ مَعَهُ وُجُودِيًّا كَانَ أَوْ عَدَمِيًّا مُنَافِيًا كَانَ أَوْ لَا.

'Lack of knowledge, etc.': Meaning the speaker's lack of knowledge of the qualifiers, like your saying: 'I struck,' and you did not say 'Zayd,' for example, due to your lack of knowledge of whom your striking fell upon. It was objected to the commentator's making the lack of knowledge a 'preventer,' because a preventer can only be existential, and this is a non-existential matter. Also, because the preventer of a thing must be contradictory to it, and the lack of knowledge of the qualifiers does not contradict the training, even if it is impossible with it. It was answered that what is meant by 'preventer' here is the linguistic preventer, which is that with which the attainment of the thing is not possible, whether it is existential or non-existential, contradictory or not.

…7 more translated lines, 24 more verbs and 71 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 74 nouns)

• طَلَعَ — to appear
• أَكْرَمَ — to honor
• شَبَهَ — to resemble
• فَنٌّ — art
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• حَالٌ — state