Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 261

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْفَنُّ الْأَوَّلُ أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ قَبْلَ زَمَانِكَ الَّذِي أَنْتَ فِيهِ وَالْمُسْتَقْبَلُ وَهُوَ الزَّمَانُ الَّذِي يُتَرَقَّبُ وُجُودُهُ بَعْدَ هَذَا حِينَ التَّكَلُّمِ أَيْ يَنْتَظِرُ الزَّمَانُ، وَالْحَالُ: وَهُوَ أَجْزَاءٌ مِنْ أَوَاخِرِ الْمَاضِي وَأَوَائِلِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ مُتَعَاقِبَةٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُهْلَةٍ وَتَرَاخٍ، أَيْ الْحَاضِرُ الْمَوْجُودُ وَهَذَا أَمْرٌ عُرْفِيٌّ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْفِعْلَ دَالٌّ بِصِيغَتِهِ عَلَى أَحَدِ الْأَزْمِنَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ احْتِيَاجٍ أَيْ الْحَالُ أَيْ بَيَانُ مَا قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ أَيْ بِهَيْئَتِهِ قَبْلَ زَمَانِكَ هَهُنَا شَكٌّ مَشْهُورٌ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ "قَبْلَ" ظَرْفُ زَمَانٍ فَيَكُونُ الْمَعْنَى: وَهُوَ الزَّمَانُ الَّذِي فِي زَمَانٍ مُتَقَدِّمٍ عَلَى الزَّمَانِ الَّذِي أَنْتَ فِيهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ قَبْلَ عَيْنِ الزَّمَانِ الَّذِي جُعِلَ ظَرْفًا لَهُ لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّيْءُ ظَرْفًا لِنَفْسِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَهُ لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلزَّمَانِ زَمَانٌ آخَرُ هُوَ ظَرْفٌ لَهُ وَكِلَاهُمَا بَاطِلٌ، وَأُجِيبَ بِأَنَّ الْقَبْلِيَّةَ فِي أَجْزَاءِ الزَّمَانِ ذَاتِيَّةٌ لَا زَمَانِيَّةٌ، فَظَرْفِيَّةُ "قَبْلَ" فِيهَا بِاعْتِبَارِ ذَاتِهَا لَا بِاعْتِبَارِ زَمَانٍ آخَرَ فِيهَا، فَسَقَطَ التَّرْدِيدُ الدَّائِرُ بَيْنَ الْعَيْنِيَّةِ وَالْغَيْرِيَّةِ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا تَدْقِيقٌ فَلْسَفِيٌّ لَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ اللُّغَةِ وَالْعُرْفِ؛ لِابْتِنَاءِ مَبَاحِثِهِمْ عَلَى الظَّوَاهِرِ دُونَ تِلْكَ التَّدْقِيقَاتِ.

The first art: The states of the predicate before your time in which you are, and the future, which is the time whose existence is awaited after this at the time of speaking, meaning the time is awaited; and the present: which is parts of the end of the past and the beginning of the future, following one another without delay or slackness, meaning the existing present, and this is a conventional matter, and that is because the verb indicates by its form one of the three times without need, meaning the present, meaning an explanation of what the author said, meaning by its form before your time, here is a famous doubt, which is that "before" is a temporal adverb, so the meaning would be: it is the time which is in a time preceding the time in which you are; if it were before the very time which was made an adverb for it, it would necessitate that the thing be an adverb for itself, and if it were other than it, it would necessitate that the time have another time which is an adverb for it, and both are invalid; it was answered that the priority in the parts of time is essential, not temporal, so the adverbiality of "before" in it is by consideration of its essence, not by consideration of another time in it, so the hesitation revolving between identity and otherness fell away, given that this is a philosophical refinement that the people of language and convention do not look at, because their discussions are built upon appearances, not those refinements.

وَالْمُسْتَقْبَلُ عَلَى صِيغَةِ اسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ كَالْمَاضِي أَوْ اسْمِ الْمَفْعُولِ، وَكِلَاهُمَا الْمَنْقُولُ الْمُوَافِقُ لِلْمَعْقُولِ؛ لِأَنَّ الزَّمَانَ يَسْتَقْبِلُكَ كَمَا تَسْتَقْبِلُهُ.

The future is on the form of the active participle like the past, or the passive participle, and both are the transmitted [forms] that agree with the rational; because time receives you just as you receive it.

يُتَرَقَّبُ وُجُودُهُ: مَعْنَاهُ شَأْنُهُ أَنْ مَنْ يُتَرَقَّبُ، فَانْدَفَعَ مَا قِيلَ: كَمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ لَا يُتَرَقَّبُ وُجُودُهُ وَمَعَ هَذَا يَكُونُ مُسْتَقْبَلًا، وَاعْتُرِضَ عَلَى الشَّارِحِ مِثْلُ السَّابِقِ بِأَنَّ "يُتَرَقَّبُ" دَالٌّ عَلَى الزَّمَانِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ، فَيَلْزَمُ أَنْ يُتَرَقَّبَ وُجُودُ الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ فِي الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُسْتَقْبَلَ الَّذِي هُوَ مَدْلُولُ "يُتَرَقَّبُ" كَمَا هُوَ ظَرْفٌ لِلتَّرَقُّبِ ظَرْفٌ لِوُجُودِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ أَيْضًا؛ إِذْ لَا مَعْنَى لِتَرَقُّبِهِ فِي الْمَاضِي أَوْ الْحَالِ فَيَكُونُ فِي الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ، فَيَلْزَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّيْءُ ظَرْفًا لِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلزَّمَانِ زَمَانٌ آخَرُ هُوَ ظَرْفٌ لَهُ وَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ؟

'Its existence is awaited': its meaning is that its nature is to be awaited, so what was said is repelled: how many things are there whose existence is not awaited, yet they are future; and the commentator was objected to, similar to the previous [objection], that "is awaited" indicates the future time, so it necessitates that the existence of the future be awaited in the future; because the future, which is the meaning of "is awaited", just as it is an adverb for the awaiting, it is also an adverb for the existence of the future; since there is no meaning to awaiting it in the past or the present, it must be in the future, so it necessitates that the thing be an adverb for itself or that the time have another time which is an adverb for it, and that is invalid?

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Vocabulary · المفردات (32 verbs · 89 nouns)

• تَرَقَّبَ — to expect
• انْتَظَرَ — to wait
• قَالَ — to say
• فَنٌّ — art
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• حَالٌ — state