Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 254

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ وَتَمَامُهُ وَمُخْتَبِطٌ مِمَّا تُطِيحُ الطَّوَائِحُ وَالْمُخْتَبِطُ الَّذِي يَأْتِي إِلَيْكَ لِلْمَعْرُوفِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَيِّ لِطَلَبِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَسِيلَةٍ، وَالْإِطَاحَةُ: الْإِذْهَابُ وَالْإِهْلَاكُ، وَالطَّوَائِحُ جَمْعُ مُطِيحَةٍ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْقِيَاسِ كَلَوَاقِحَ جَمْعُ مُلْقِحَةٍ وَ"مِمَّا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِمُخْتَبِطٍ" وَ"مَا" مَصْدَرِيَّةٌ أَيْ سَائِلٌ يَسْأَلُ مِنْ أَجْلِ فِي مِمَّا تُطِيحُ إِذْهَابِ الْوَقَائِعِ مَالَهُ أَوْ يَبْكِي" الْمُقَدَّرِ أَيْ يَبْكِي لِأَجْلِ إِذْهَابِ الْمَنَايَا يَزِيدَ، وَتُطِيحُ عَلَى التَّقْدِيرَيْنِ بِمَعْنَى الْمَاضِي عَدَلَ إِلَيْهِ اسْتِحْضَارًا لِصُورَةِ ذَلِكَ الْأَمْرِ الْهَائِلِ، وَفَضْلُهُ أَيْ رُجْحَانُ نَحْوُ: لِيَبْكِ يَزِيدَ ضَارِعٌ مَبْنِيًّا لِلْمَفْعُولِ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ يَعْنِي لِيَبْكِ يَزِيدَ ضَارِعٌ مَبْنِيًّا لِلْفَاعِلِ نَاصِبًا لِيَزِيدَ وَرَافِعًا لِـ"ضَارِعٍ" بِتَكَرُّرِ الْإِسْنَادِ بِأَنْ أَجْمَلَ أَوَّلًا إِجْمَالًا، غَيْرُ الْقِيَاسِ كَلَوَاقِحَ يُقَالُ: رِيَاحٌ لَوَاقِحُ أَيْ لِلسَّحَابِ لِأَنَّ فَوَاعِلَ لَا يَكُونُ جَمْعًا قِيَاسِيًّا لِمَفْعَلَةٍ بَلْ لِفَاعِلَةٍ وَفَعِيلَةٍ، فَلَوْ كَانَ جَمْعًا لِطَائِحَةٍ بِمَعْنَى هَالِكَةٍ لَكَانَ قِيَاسِيًّا.

The states of the predicate and its completion, and 'mukhtabit' (a petitioner) from what the 'tawa'ih' (calamities) destroy; the 'mukhtabit' is one who comes to you for a favor without any means of requesting the favor, and 'al-itaha' means causing to go away and destroying, and 'tawa'ih' is the plural of 'mutiha' (destroyer) in a non-analogical way, like 'lawaqih' (impregnating winds) being the plural of 'mulqiha' (impregnating), and 'mimma' (from what) relates to 'mukhtabit', and 'ma' is a masdariyah (infinitive particle), meaning a petitioner who asks because of—in 'mimma tutihu'—the destruction of his wealth by calamities, or [it relates to] the implied 'yabki' (he weeps), meaning he weeps for the sake of the destruction of Yazid by death; and 'tutihu' in both interpretations is in the sense of the past tense, which he shifted to in order to evoke the image of that terrifying matter, and his preference, meaning the superiority of [the construction] like 'liyabki Yazida dari'un' (let Yazid be wept for by a petitioner) built for the passive, over its opposite, meaning 'liyabki Yazida dari'un' (let a petitioner weep for Yazid) built for the active, accusative for 'Yazid' and nominative for 'dari'un' by repeating the predication by summarizing first, is non-analogical like 'lawaqih'; it is said: 'riyahun lawaqih' (impregnating winds), meaning for the clouds, because 'fawa'il' is not an analogical plural for 'maf'ala' but rather for 'fa'ila' and 'fa'ila', so if it were a plural for 'ta'iha' in the sense of 'halika' (destroying), it would be analogical.

مِنْ أَجْلِ: أَشَارَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنَّ "مِنْ" لِلتَّعْلِيلِ، وَأَنَّ "مَا" مُؤَوَّلَةٌ مَعَ الْفِعْلِ بَعْدَهَا بِمَصْدَرٍ.

Min ajli (for the sake of): He indicated by that that 'min' is for causality, and that 'ma' is interpreted with the verb after it as an infinitive.

إِذْهَابُ الْوَقَائِعِ إِلَخْ إِضَافَةُ إِذْهَابٍ لِلْوَقَائِعِ فِي الْوَجْهِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَلِلْمَنَايَا فِي الْوَجْهِ الثَّانِي مِنْ إِضَافَةِ الْمَصْدَرِ لِلْفَاعِلِ وَمَفْعُولِهِ "مَالَهُ" فِي الْأَوَّلِ وَ"يَزِيدَ" فِي الثَّانِي، وَالْوَجْهُ الْأَوَّلُ أَحْسَنُ؛ لِأَنَّ تَعْلِيقَهُ أَيْ تَعْلِيقَ "مِمَّا" بِـ"يَبْكِي" الْمُقَدَّرِ مِمَّا تَأْبَاهُ سَلِيقَةُ الشِّعْرِ، وَذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا بَيَّنَ سَبَبَ الضَّرَاعَةِ نَاسَبَ أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ سَبَبَ الِاخْتِبَاطِ أَيْضًا.

Idhab al-waqa'i' (the destruction of calamities) etc.: The genitive construction of 'idhab' (destruction) to 'al-waqa'i'' (calamities) in the first interpretation, and to 'al-manaya' (deaths) in the second, is from the genitive construction of the infinitive to its agent, and its object is 'malahu' (his wealth) in the first and 'Yazid' in the second, and the first interpretation is better; because relating it, meaning relating 'mimma' to the implied 'yabki', is something the poetic instinct rejects, and that is because when he explained the reason for the supplication, it was appropriate to also explain the reason for the petition.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (31 verbs · 91 nouns)

• أَطَاحَ — to cause to perish
• أَتَى — to come
• سَأَلَ — to ask
• أَحْوَالٌ — states
• مُسْنَدٌ — predicate
• تَمَامٌ — completeness