Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 252

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ تَمْلِكُونَ تَمْلِكُونَ، فَحُذِفَ الْفِعْلُ احْتِرَازاً عَنِ الْعَبَثِ لِوُجُودِ الْمُفَسِّرِ، ثُمَّ أُبْدِلَ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ الْمُتَّصِلِ الضَّمِيرُ الْمُنْفَصِلُ عَلَى مَا هُوَ الْقَانُونُ عِنْدَ حَذْفِ الْعَامِلِ، فَالْمُسْنَدُ الْمَحْذُوفُ هَهُنَا فِعْلٌ وَفِيمَا سَبَقَ اسْمٌ أَوْ جُمْلَةٌ، وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ﴾ (يُوسُفُ: ١٨) يَحْتَمِلُ الْأَمْرَيْنِ: حَذْفَ الْمُسْنَدِ أَوِ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ أَيْ فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ أَجْمَلُ بِي، أَوْ فَأَمْرِي صَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ، فَفِي الْحَذْفِ تَكْثِيرُ الْفَائِدَةِ بِإِمْكَانِ حَمْلِ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى كُلٍّ مِنَ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ بِخِلَافِ مَا لَوْ ذُكِرَ؛ فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ نَصّاً فِي أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَا بُدَّ لِلْحَذْفِ مِنْ قَرِينَةٍ دَالَّةٍ عَلَيْهِ لِيُفْهَمَ الْمَعْنَى كَوُقُوعِ الْكَلَامِ جَوَاباً لِسُؤَالٍ مُحَقَّقٍ نَحْوَ: ﴿وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللهُ﴾ (لُقْمَانُ: ٢٥) أَيْ خَلَقَهُنَّ اللهُ، فَحَذْفُ الْمُسْنَدِ تَمْلِكُونَ تَمْلِكُونَ: "تَمْلِكُونَ" الثَّانِي تَأْكِيدٌ لِلْأَوَّلِ قَبْلَ الْحَذْفِ، وَبَعْدَ الْحَذْفِ يَكُونُ تَفْسِيراً، فَلَا جَمْعَ بَيْنَ الْمُفَسِّرِ وَالْمُفَسَّرِ لِأَنَّ الْمُفَسَّرَ مَحْذُوفٌ وَقُدِّرَ مُكَرَّراً، لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ قُدِّرَ بِدُونِ التَّكْرَارِ لَمْ تُوجَدْ قَرِينَةٌ عَلَى تَعْيِينِ الْمَحْذُوفِ، وَعِنْدَ التَّكْرَارِ يَكُونُ الثَّانِي قَرِينَةً عَلَى حَذْفِ الْأَوَّلِ؛ لِقَصْدِ الِاخْتِصَارِ وَالِاحْتِرَازِ عَنِ الْعَبَثِ لَا يُقَالُ: إِنَّ حَذْفَ "تَمْلِكُونَ" يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ الضَّمِيرُ وَدُخُولُ "لَوْ"؛ فَإِنَّ "لَوْ" لَا تَدْخُلُ عَلَى جُمْلَةٍ اسْمِيَّةٍ؛ لِأَنَّا نَقُولُ: هَذَا إِنَّمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ فِعْلًا مَا مَحْذُوفٌ، وَلَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَعْيِينِ "تَمْلِكُونَ" فَلَا بُدَّ مِنَ الْقَرِينَةِ لِلتَّعْيِينِ.

The states of the predicate [in the phrase] 'tamlikuna tamlikuna': the verb was omitted to avoid redundancy due to the presence of the explainer, then the attached pronoun was replaced by the detached pronoun according to the rule when the operative word is omitted; thus, the omitted predicate here is a verb, whereas in what preceded it was a noun or a sentence. His saying, the Exalted: 'So patience is beautiful' (Yusuf: 18) allows for two possibilities: the omission of the predicate or the subject, meaning 'So a beautiful patience is more beautiful for me,' or 'So my affair is a beautiful patience.' In omission, there is an increase in benefit by the possibility of interpreting the speech in both meanings, unlike if it were mentioned, for then it would be explicit in one of them. Omission requires a signifier indicating it so that the meaning may be understood, such as the speech occurring as an answer to a verified question, like: 'And if you ask them who created the heavens and the earth, they will surely say, Allah' (Luqman: 25), meaning 'Allah created them.' As for the omission of the predicate 'tamlikuna tamlikuna': the second 'tamlikuna' is an emphasis for the first before the omission, and after the omission, it becomes an explanation; there is no combining of the explainer and the explained because the explained is omitted and estimated as repeated, because if it were estimated without repetition, there would be no signifier for determining the omitted [word], and upon repetition, the second becomes a signifier for the omission of the first for the sake of brevity and avoiding redundancy. It should not be said: 'The omission of "tamlikuna" is indicated by the pronoun and the entry of "law" (if),' for "law" does not enter upon a nominal sentence; because we say: 'This only indicates that some verb is omitted, and it does not indicate the determination of "tamlikuna," so a signifier is necessary for determination.'

حَاصِلُهُ: أَنَّ الضَّمِيرَ الْبَارِزَ هُوَ نَفْسُ الْمُتَّصِلِ الَّذِي كَانَ فَاعِلًا غَايَتُهُ أَنَّهُ تَغَيَّرَ مِنَ الِاتِّصَالِ إِلَى الِانْفِصَالِ فَهُوَ فَاعِلٌ فَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَلَوْ أَنْتُمْ تَمْلِكُونَ﴾ (الْإِسْرَاءُ: ١٠٠) جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ.

Its conclusion is: the explicit pronoun is the same attached one that was the subject; the point is that it changed from attachment to detachment, so it is a subject, and thus his saying: 'And if you [plural] possess' (Al-Isra: 100) is a verbal sentence.

الضَّمِيرُ الْمُتَّصِلُ: وَهُوَ الْوَاوُ فِي "تَمْلِكُونَ" الْمَحْذُوفُ.

The attached pronoun: it is the 'waw' in the omitted 'tamlikuna'.

…7 more translated lines, 31 more verbs and 73 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (34 verbs · 76 nouns)

• مَلَكَ — to own
• حَذَفَ — to delete
• أَبْدَلَ — to replace
• حَالٌ — state
• مُسْنَدٌ — predicate
• فِعْلٌ — verb