Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 251

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ عَلَى نَوْعِ خُصُوصِيَّةٍ كَلَفْظِ الْخُرُوجِ الْمُشْعِرِ بِأَنَّ الْمُرَادَ فَإِذَا زَيْدٌ بِالْبَابِ، أَوْ حَاضِرٌ، أَوْ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ، وَقَوْلُهُ: مِثْلُ وَاقِفٍ قَوْلُ الْأَعْشَى: إِنَّ مَحَلًّا وَإِنَّ مُرْتَحَلًا وَإِنَّ فِي السَّفَرِ إِذْ مَضَوْا مُهْلًا

The states of the predicate are of a specific type, such as the word 'exit' which implies that what is intended is 'Zayd is at the door,' or 'present,' or something similar; and his saying 'like standing' refers to the saying of al-A'sha: 'Indeed, there is a place to settle, and indeed there is a place to depart, and indeed in the journey, since they have passed, there is a delay.'

أَيْ إِنَّ لَنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حُلُولًا وَإِنَّ لَنَا عَنْهَا إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ ارْتِحَالًا وَالْمُسَافِرُونَ قَدْ تَوَغَّلُوا فِي الْمُضِيِّ لَا رُجُوعَ لَهُمْ، فَحُذِفَ الْمُسْنَدُ الَّذِي هُوَ ظَرْفٌ قَطْعًا؛ لِقَصْدِ الِاخْتِصَارِ وَالْعُدُولِ إِلَى أَقْوَى الدَّلِيلَيْنِ أَعْنِي الْعَقْلَ، وَلِضِيقِ الْمَقَامِ أَعْنِي الْمُحَافَظَةَ عَلَى الشِّعْرِ وَلِاتِّبَاعِ الِاسْتِعْمَالِ لِاطِّرَادِ الْحَذْفِ فِي مِثْلِ: إِنَّ مَالًا وَإِنَّ وَلَدًا، وَقَدْ وَضَعَ سِيبَوَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ لِهَذَا بَابًا فَقَالَ: هَذَا بَابُ إِنَّ مَالًا وَإِنَّ وَلَدًا، وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿قُلْ لَوْ أَنْتُمْ تَمْلِكُونَ خَزَائِنَ رَحْمَةِ رَبِّي﴾ فَقَوْلُهُ: أَنْتُمْ لَيْسَ بِمُبْتَدَأٍ؛ لِأَنَّ لَوْ إِنَّمَا تَدْخُلُ عَلَى الْفِعْلِ، بَلْ هُوَ فَاعِلُ فِعْلٍ مَحْذُوفٍ وَالْأَصْلُ لَوْ تَمْلِكُونَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَيْ فِي الْمُسَافِرِينَ أَيْ فِي غَيْبَتِهِمْ، وَالسَّفَرُ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَسُكُونِ الْفَاءِ اسْمُ جَمْعٍ لِمُسَافِرٍ.

Meaning: We have a stay in this world, and we have a departure from it to the Hereafter, and the travelers have gone deep into their journey with no return for them; thus, the predicate, which is definitively an adverbial phrase, was omitted for the sake of brevity, turning to the stronger of the two proofs—namely, the intellect—and due to the constraints of the context, namely maintaining the poetry, and following usage due to the consistency of omission in examples like 'Indeed wealth and indeed children.' Sibawayh dedicated a chapter to this in his book, saying: 'This is the chapter of: Indeed wealth and indeed children.' And His saying, the Exalted: 'Say: If you possessed the treasures of the mercy of my Lord,' his saying 'you' is not a subject (mubtada') because 'law' only enters upon a verb; rather, it is the subject of an omitted verb, and the original is 'if you possessed.' 'In the journey' means among the travelers, meaning in their absence, and 'as-safar' (with a fatha on the sin and a sukun on the fa) is a collective noun for a traveler.

مُهْلًا مَصْدَرٌ بِمَعْنَى الْإِمْهَالِ أَيْ بُعْدًا وَطُولًا ظَرْفٌ قَطْعًا أَيْ بِخِلَافِ مَا قَبْلَهُ وَهُوَ فَإِذَا زَيْدٌ بِالْبَابِ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ الْخَبَرُ فِيهِ ظَرْفًا قَطْعًا بَلْ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُقَدَّرَ ظَرْفًا أَيْ فَإِذَا زَيْدٌ بِالْبَابِ، وَأَنْ يُقَدَّرَ غَيْرُهُ كَحَاضِرٍ أَوْ جَالِسٍ، وَقَوْلُهُ: الَّذِي هُوَ ظَرْفٌ قَطْعًا إِلَخْ فِيهِ إِشَارَةٌ لِنُكْتَةِ ذِكْرِ هَذَا الْمِثَالِ بَعْدَ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ.

'Muhlan' is a verbal noun meaning delay, i.e., distance and length, and it is definitively an adverbial phrase, unlike what preceded it, which is 'So if Zayd is at the door,' for the predicate in it is not definitively an adverbial phrase; rather, it is possible to estimate it as an adverbial phrase, i.e., 'So if Zayd is at the door,' or to estimate it as something else, such as 'present' or 'sitting.' His saying 'which is definitively an adverbial phrase, etc.' contains an indication of the point of mentioning this example after the one before it.

…5 more translated lines, 25 more verbs and 92 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (28 verbs · 95 nouns)

• أَشْعَرَ — to indicate
• مَضَى — to pass
• تَوَغَّلَ — to penetrate
• أَحْوَال — states
• مُسْنَد — predicate
• نَوْع — type