Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 238

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَاعَلَتْ مِنَ الْمُعَادَاةِ كَأَنَّ الصَّوَارِفَ وَالْخُطُوبَ صَارَتْ تُعَادِيهِ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُفَاعَلَةً مِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ تَفْسِيرٌ لِلْعَوَادِي وَالْمُرَادُ: الْعَوَائِقُ مِنْ عَادَ أَيْ عَادَتْ عَوَادٍ وَعَوَائِقُ كَانَتْ تَحُولُ بَيْنَنَا إِلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلُ، وَمِثَالُ رَجَعَتِ الْعَوَادِي مِنْ عَادَ أَيْ رَجَعَ، وَمِثَالُ يَعُودُ مِنَ الْحَيْلُولَةِ قَبْلَ الْحَيْلُولَةِ.

The states of the predicate include it being in the form of 'fa'alat' derived from 'mu'adah' (hostility), as if the distractions and misfortunes have begun to show hostility toward him; it is also permissible for it to be 'mufa'alah' from 'adawah' (enmity), which is an explanation for 'al-'awadi' (the obstacles), and the intended meaning is: the impediments from 'ada', meaning obstacles and hindrances returned that used to stand between us, returning to what they were before; the example of 'raja'at al-'awadi' is from 'ada', meaning it returned; and the example of 'ya'udu' is from 'haylulah' (intervening) before the intervention.

الِالْتِفَاتُ مِنَ الْخِطَابِ إِلَى الْغَيْبَةِ نَحْوَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا كُنتُمْ فِي الْفُلْكِ وَجَرَيْنَ بِهِمْ﴾ وَالْقِيَاسُ "بِكُمْ"، وَمِثَالُ الِالْتِفَاتِ مِنَ الْغَيْبَةِ إِلَى التَّكَلُّمِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاللهُ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ الرِّيَاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَاباً فَسُقْنَاهُ﴾ وَمُقْتَضَى الظَّاهِرِ سَاقَهُ، أَيْ سَاقَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ذَلِكَ السَّحَابَ وَأَجْرَاهُ إِلَى بَلَدٍ مَيِّتٍ وَمِثَالُ الِالْتِفَاتِ مِنَ الْغَيْبَةِ إِلَى الْخِطَابِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ﴾ وَمُقْتَضَى الظَّاهِرِ "إِيَّاهُ".

'Iltifat' (shifting) from address to third person is like His saying, the Exalted: 'Until when you are in the ships and they sail with them,' where the standard form would be 'with you'; the example of 'iltifat' from third person to first person is His saying, the Exalted: 'And it is Allah who sends the winds, and they stir up clouds, and We drove it,' whereas the requirement of the apparent form would be 'He drove it,' meaning Allah, the Exalted, drove those clouds and directed them to a dead land; and the example of 'iltifat' from third person to address is His saying, the Exalted: 'Master of the Day of Judgment, You alone we worship,' whereas the requirement of the apparent form would be 'Him alone'.

وَجْهُ حُسْنِ الِالْتِفَاتِ أَيْ وَجْهُ حُسْنِ الِالْتِفَاتِ أَنَّ الْكَلَامَ إِذَا نُقِلَ مِنْ أُسْلُوبٍ إِلَى أُسْلُوبٍ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْكَلَامُ يَكُونُ فَاعَلَتْ فَالْأَصْلُ عَادَوْتُ تَحَرَّكَتِ الْوَاوُ وَانْفَتَحَ مَا قَبْلَهَا قُلِبَتْ أَلِفاً ثُمَّ حُذِفَتِ الْأَلِفُ لِالْتِقَاءِ السَّاكِنَيْنِ، فَالْفِعْلُ مَحْذُوفُ اللَّامِ فَوَزْنُهُ الْآنَ فَاعَتْ.

The aspect of the beauty of 'iltifat'—that is, the aspect of the beauty of 'iltifat'—is that when speech is transferred from one style to another, that speech is in the form of 'fa'alat'; the original form was 'adawtu', the waw moved and the letter before it was open, so it was changed into an alif, then the alif was deleted due to the meeting of two quiescent letters, so the verb has a deleted lam, and its measure now is 'fa'at'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (30 verbs · 80 nouns)

• صَارَ — to become
• عَادَى — to treat as an enemy
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• حَالٌ — state
• مُسْنَدٌ — predicate
• مُعَادَاةٌ — hostility