Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 225

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ لِعَدَمِ تَقَدُّمِ ذِكْرِ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ وَعَدَمِ قَرِينَةٍ تَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ وَهَذَا الضَّمِيرُ عَائِدٌ إِلَى مُتَعَقَّلٍ مَعْهُودٍ أَيْ بِخُصُوصِهِ أَيْ فِي نِعْمَ فِي الذِّهْنِ وَالْتُزِمَ تَفْسِيرُهُ بِنَكِرَةٍ لِيُعْلَمَ جِنْسُ الْمُتَعَقَّلِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ هَذَا لَا فِي الْخَارِجِ أَيْ تَفْسِيرُ الْمُتَعَقَّلِ أَيْ لَا بِمَعْرِفَةٍ مِنْ وَضْعِ الْمُضْمَرِ أَيْ نِعْمَ رَجُلًا مَوْضِعَ الْمُظْهَرِ فِي أَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ أَيْ قَوْلِ مَنْ يَجْعَلُ الْمَخْصُوصَ خَبَرَ مُبْتَدَأٍ مَحْذُوفٍ، وَأَمَّا تَفْسِيرٌ لِأَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ لَا لِلْقَوْلَيْنِ مَنْ يَجْعَلُهُ مُبْتَدَأً وَنِعْمَ رَجُلًا خَبَرُهُ فَيَحْتَمِلُ عِنْدَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الضَّمِيرُ عَائِدًا إِلَى الْمَخْصُوصِ وَهُوَ مُقَدَّمٌ تَقْدِيرًا، وَعَدَمُ قَرِينَةٍ فِيهِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الْمُوجِبَ لِلْإِضْمَارِ أَحَدُ الْأَمْرَيْنِ: إِمَّا تَقَدُّمُ الْمَرْجِعِ أَوْ قَرِينَةٌ تَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا فُقِدَا كَانَ مُقْتَضَى الظَّاهِرِ الْإِتْيَانَ بِالِاسْمِ الظَّاهِرِ لَا بِالضَّمِيرِ، فَمَقَامُ "نِعْمَ الرَّجُلُ" مَقَامُ إِظْهَارٍ لِعَدَمِ وُجُودِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ يَقْتَضِيَانِ الْإِضْمَارَ.

The states of the predicate-subject [are discussed] due to the lack of a preceding mention of the predicate-subject and the lack of a context indicating it, and this pronoun refers to a conceived, known entity—that is, specifically in 'ni'ma' [it refers to something] in the mind—and it is required to interpret it with an indefinite noun so that the genus of the conceived entity may be known; this occurs not in the external world—that is, the interpretation of the conceived entity—that is, not with a definite noun, by placing the pronoun—that is, 'ni'ma rajulan'—in the place of the explicit noun in one of the two opinions, namely the opinion of those who make the specified subject the predicate of a deleted subject. As for the interpretation for one of the two opinions, not both, [for] the one who makes it [the specified subject] a subject and 'ni'ma rajulan' its predicate, it is possible in his view for the pronoun to refer to the specified subject, and it is considered to be preceding in estimation. The lack of context is an indication that what necessitates the use of a pronoun is one of two things: either the precedence of the referent or a context that indicates it; so if both are missing, the requirement of the apparent [meaning] is to bring the explicit noun, not the pronoun, so the position of 'ni'ma al-rajulu' is a position of explicit expression due to the absence of the two things that necessitate the use of a pronoun.

فَإِذَا قُلْتَ: نِعْمَ رَجُلًا زَيْدٌ بِإِضْمَارِ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ كَانَ الْكَلَامُ مُخَرَّجًا عَلَى خِلَافِ مُقْتَضَى الظَّاهِرِ؛ لِعُرُوضِ اعْتِبَارٍ آخَرَ أَلْطَفَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الظَّاهِرِ، وَهُوَ حُصُولُ الْإِبْهَامِ، ثُمَّ التَّفْسِيرُ الْمُنَاسِبُ لِوَضْعِ هَذَا الْبَابِ لِلْمَدْحِ وَالذَّمِّ الْعَامَّيْنِ أَيْ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَعْيِينِ خَصْلَةٍ.

So if you say: 'ni'ma rajulan Zaydun' by using a pronoun for the predicate-subject, the speech is constructed contrary to the requirement of the apparent [meaning] due to the emergence of another consideration more subtle than that apparent [meaning], which is the attainment of ambiguity, then the interpretation appropriate for the placement of this chapter for general praise and dispraise, that is, without specifying a trait.

إِلَى مُتَعَقَّلٍ مَعْهُودٍ أَيْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مَعْقُولٍ فِي الذِّهْنِ مُبْهَمٍ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، فَإِذَا أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ مَثَلًا الَّذِي هُوَ تَمْيِيزٌ وَتَفْسِيرٌ لَهُ عُلِمَ جِنْسُ ذَلِكَ الْمُتَعَقَّلِ دُونَ شَخْصِهِ، فَمَا زَالَ الْإِبْهَامُ حَاصِلًا فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، فَإِذَا ذُكِرَ الْمَخْصُوصُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ تَعَيَّنَ شَخْصُهُ، وَإِنَّمَا اعْتُبِرَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمُتَعَقَّلِ كَوْنُهُ مُبْهَمًا لِأَجْلِ أَنْ يَحْصُلَ الْإِبْهَامُ.

[Referring] to a conceived, known entity, that is, to something intelligible in the mind that is ambiguous, such as being a man or more; so if 'rajulan' is brought, for example, which is a tamyiz (specifier) and an interpretation for it, the genus of that conceived entity is known, but not its individual identity, so the ambiguity remains present in the sentence; then if the specified subject is mentioned after that, its individual identity is determined, and it is only considered in that conceived entity that it be ambiguous in order for the ambiguity to be attained.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (33 verbs · 64 nouns)

• دَلَّ — to indicate
• عَادَ — to return
• نَعِمَ — to be excellent
• أَحْوَالٌ — states
• مُسْنَدٌ — predicate
• عَدَمٌ — lack