Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 194

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ بِالْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ، أَيْ قَصْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ وَلِيَ الْمُسْنَدَ إِلَيْهِ حَرْفُ النَّفْيِ، أَيْ وَقَعَ بَعْدَهَا بِلَا فَصْلٍ نَحْوَ مَا أَنَا قُلْتُ هَذَا أَيْ لَمْ أَقُلْهُ مَعَ أَنَّهُ مَقُولُ غَيْرِي، فَالْتَّقْدِيمُ يُفِيدُ نَفْيَ الْفِعْلِ عَنِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ وَثُبُوتَهُ لِغَيْرِهِ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي نُفِيَ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْعُمُومِ وَالْخُصُوصِ.

The states of the subject (musnad ilayhi) with the verbal predicate, meaning the restriction of the verbal predicate to it if the negation particle follows the subject, that is, it occurs after it without separation, such as 'ma ana qultu hadha' (I did not say this), meaning I did not say it, even though it was said by someone else; thus, the fronting (of the subject) signifies the negation of the action from the speaker and its affirmation for someone else in the same manner in which it was negated from him, in terms of generality and specificity.

بِالْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ: اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ مَا فِي أَوَّلِهِ فِعْلٌ، وَكَانَ فَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرَ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ لَا الْمُتَضَمِّنَ لِمَعْنَى الْفِعْلِ؛ لِتَصْرِيحِهِ بِأَنَّ الصِّفَةَ الْمُشَبَّهَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْنَا بِعَزِيزٍ﴾ لَيْسَتْ خَبَرًا فِعْلِيًّا.

Regarding 'the verbal predicate': Know that what is meant by the verbal predicate is that which begins with a verb, and its agent (fa'il) is the pronoun of the subject, not that which contains the meaning of a verb; this is because he explicitly stated that the assimilated adjective (sifah mushabbahah) in His saying, the Almighty: 'And you are not mighty to us' (11:91), is not a verbal predicate.

أَيْ بِنَفْيِ الْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ عَلَى حَذْفِ الْمُضَافِ بِدَلِيلِ قَوْلِهِ: إِنْ وَلِيَ الْمُسْنَدَ إِلَيْهِ حَرْفُ النَّفْيِ، وَلِأَنَّ الْمَقْصُورَ عَلَى الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْآتِي نَفْيُ الْقَوْلِ، لَا نَفْسُ الْقَوْلِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْقَوْلَ فِي مَا أَنَا قُلْتُ ثَابِتٌ لِغَيْرِ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ، فَالْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ الْمُسْنَدَ إِلَيْهِ مُخَصَّصٌ بِنَفْيِ الْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ، وَالْمُخَصَّصُ بِالْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ إِنَّمَا هُوَ غَيْرُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَابُدَّ مِنَ التَّقْدِيرِ إِمَّا فِي آخِرِ الْكَلَامِ كَمَا قُلْنَا، يَعْنِي بِتَقْدِيرِ لَفْظِ نَفْيٍ قَبْلَ لَفْظِ الْخَبَرِ، أَوْ فِي أَوَّلِهِ بِأَنْ يُقَالَ: لِيُفِيدَ التَّقْدِيمُ تَخْصِيصَ غَيْرِهِ بِالْخَبَرِ الْفِعْلِيِّ، فَيُقَدَّرُ لَفْظُ غَيْرٍ مُضَافًا إِلَى الضَّمِيرِ فَيَصِحُّ الْمَعْنَى عَلَى كِلَا التَّقْدِيرَيْنِ، وَإِلَّا فَاخْتِلَالُهُ ظَاهِرٌ.

Meaning, by the negation of the verbal predicate, with the omission of the genitive (mudaf), as evidenced by his saying: 'if the negation particle follows the subject,' and because what is restricted to the fronted subject in the following example is the negation of the saying, not the saying itself; for the saying in 'ma ana qultu' is established for someone other than the subject. The conclusion is that the subject is specified by the negation of the verbal predicate, and the one specified by the verbal predicate is actually someone other than the subject. Therefore, there must be an implied word, either at the end of the sentence as we said—meaning by implying the word 'negation' before the word of the predicate—or at the beginning of it, by saying: 'so that the fronting signifies the specification of someone else with the verbal predicate,' in which case the word 'other' is implied as being genitive to the pronoun, so the meaning is valid in both interpretations; otherwise, its invalidity is apparent.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (31 verbs · 74 nouns)

• وَلِيَ — to follow
• وَقَعَ — to occur
• قَالَ — to say
• حَالٌ — state
• مُسْنَدٌ — predicate
• خَبَرٌ — news