Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 174

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ إِذِ الظَّنُّ مِمَّا يَقْبَلُ الشِّدَّةَ وَالضَّعْفَ، فَالْمَفْعُولُ الْمُطْلَقُ هَهُنَا لِلنَّوْعِيَّةِ لَا لِلتَّأْكِيدِ، وَبِهَذَا الِاعْتِبَارِ صَحَّ وُقُوعُهُ بَعْدَ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ مُفَرَّغًا مَعَ امْتِنَاعِ مَا ضَرَبْتُهُ إِلَّا ضَرْبًا عَلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَصْدَرُ لِلتَّأْكِيدِ؛ لِأَنَّ مَصْدَرَ ضَرَبْتُهُ لَا يَحْتَمِلُ غَيْرَ الضَّرْبِ حَتَّى يَصِحَّ الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ، وَالْمُسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ يَجِبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُتَعَدِّدًا لِيَشْمَلَ الْمُسْتَثْنَى وَغَيْرَهُ، وَكَمَا أَنَّ التَّنْكِيرَ الَّذِي فِي مَعْنَى الْبَعْضِيَّةِ يُفِيدُ التَّعْظِيمَ، فَكَذَلِكَ صَرِيحُ لَفْظِ الْبَعْضِ كَمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَكُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ﴾ (الْأَنْعَامُ: ١٦٥) أَرَادَ بِبَعْضِهِمْ مُحَمَّدًا، فَفِي هَذَا الْإِبْهَامِ مِنْ تَفْخِيمِ شَأْنِهِ وَفَضْلِهِ وَإِعْلَاءِ قَدْرِهِ مَا لَا يَخْفَى.

Regarding the states of the predicate-subject, since 'conjecture' is something that admits of intensity and weakness, the absolute object here is for specifying the type, not for emphasis; and by this consideration, its occurrence after an empty exception is valid, whereas 'I did not hit him except for a hitting' is impossible if the verbal noun is for emphasis, because the verbal noun of 'I hit him' does not admit anything other than hitting for the exception to be valid, and the exception-from must be multiple to include the exception and others; and just as the indefinite that carries the meaning of partitivity conveys glorification, so too does the explicit word 'part', as in His saying, the Exalted: 'And He raised some of you above others in degrees' (Al-An'am: 165), where He intended Muhammad by 'some of them', so in this ambiguity there is an exaltation of his status, his virtue, and the raising of his rank that is not hidden.

[وَصْفُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ] وَأَمَّا وَصْفُهُ أَيْ وَصْفُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ، لَا لِلتَّأْكِيدِ أَيْ لَا لِمُجَرَّدِ التَّأْكِيدِ بِدُونِ إِفَادَةِ النَّوْعِيَّةِ وَإِلَّا فَالْمَفْعُولُ الْمُطْلَقُ لَا يَنْفَكُّ عَنِ التَّأْكِيدِ، وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ هَهُنَا لِمُجَرَّدِ التَّأْكِيدِ؛ لِئَلَّا يَلْزَمَ اسْتِثْنَاءُ الشَّيْءِ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ مَعَ التَّنَاقُضِ؛ لِأَنَّ الظَّنَّ الَّذِي نُفِيَ أَوَّلًا هُوَ الَّذِي أُثْبِتَ ثَانِيًا.

[Description of the predicate-subject] As for its description, meaning the description of the predicate-subject, it is not for emphasis, meaning not for mere emphasis without conveying the type; otherwise, the absolute object is never devoid of emphasis, and it was only not for mere emphasis here so that it would not necessitate the exception of a thing from itself along with a contradiction, because the conjecture that was negated first is the one that was affirmed second.

وَبِهَذَا الِاعْتِبَارِ هُوَ جَوَابٌ عَنْ إِشْكَالٍ يُورَدُ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا التَّرْكِيبِ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ الْمُسْتَثْنَى الْمُفَرَّغَ يَجِبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُسْتَثْنًى مِنْ مُتَعَدِّدٍ مُسْتَغْرِقٍ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ الْمُسْتَثْنَى، فَيَخْرُجُ بِالِاسْتِثْنَاءِ، وَلَيْسَ مَصْدَرُ نَظُنُّ مُحْتَمَلًا غَيْرَ الظَّنِّ مَعَ الظَّنِّ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ الظَّنُّ مِنْ بَيْنِهِ فَأَجَابَ بِأَنَّ الْمَصْدَرَ وَالْمُسْتَثْنَى لِلنَّوْعِيَّةِ لَا لِمُجَرَّدِ التَّأْكِيدِ، فَصَحَّ الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ بِاعْتِبَارِ النَّوْعِيَّةِ وَلَا حَاجَةَ حِينَئِذٍ بِأَنْ يُجَابَ بِأَنَّ الْكَلَامَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى التَّقْدِيمِ وَالتَّأْخِيرِ أَيْ إِنْ نَحْنُ إِلَّا نَظُنُّ ظَنًّا.

By this consideration, it is an answer to a problem raised regarding such a construction, which is that the empty exception must be excepted from a multiple, comprehensive [set] so that the exception enters into it, then exits by the exception, and the verbal noun of 'we conjecture' is not capable of being anything other than conjecture along with conjecture so that the conjecture could exit from among it; so he answered that the verbal noun and the exception are for the type, not for mere emphasis, so the exception is valid by considering the type, and there is no need then to answer that the speech is carried upon precedence and postponement, meaning 'we do not but conjecture a conjecture'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (33 verbs · 55 nouns)

• قَبِلَ — to accept
• صَحَّ — to be correct
• وَقَعَ — to occur
• حَال — state
• مُسْنَد — predicate
• ظَنّ — suspicion