Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 172

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَحْوَالُ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ التَّعْظِيمُ أَوْ التَّحْقِيرُ كَقَوْلِهِ لَهُ حَاجِبٌ أَيْ مَانِعٌ عَظِيمٌ فِي كُلِّ أَمْرٍ يَشِينُهُ أَيْ يَعِيبُهُ:

The states of the predicate-subject (musnad ilayhi) include glorification or belittlement, as in his saying: 'He has a hajib,' meaning a great preventer in every matter that disgraces him, meaning that which faults him.

يَعْنِي نَفْسَهُ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةَ مِنَ الشَّيْنِ وَهُوَ الْعَيْبُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَنْ طَالِبِ الْعُرْفِ حَاجِبٌ أَيْ مَانِعٌ حَقِيرٌ، فَكَيْفَ بِالْعَظِيمِ أَوْ التَّكْثِيرُ كَقَوْلِهِمْ: أَيْ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَالْإِحْسَانُ مِثَالٌ لِلتَّحْقِيرِ وَإِنَّ لَهُ لَإِبِلًا وَإِنَّ لَهُ لَغَنَمًا، أَوْ التَّقْلِيلُ نَحْوَ: ﴿وَرِضْوَانٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ﴾ (التَّوْبَة: ٧٢) وَالْفَرْقُ أَيْ إِبِلًا كَثِيرَةً بَيْنَ التَّعْظِيمِ وَالتَّكْثِيرِ أَنَّ التَّعْظِيمَ بِحَسَبِ ارْتِفَاعِ الشَّأْنِ وَعُلُوِّ الطَّبَقَةِ، وَالتَّكْثِيرَ بِاعْتِبَارِ فَهُوَ رَاجِعٌ لِلْكَيْفِيَّاتِ أَيْ الْمَرْتَبَةِ الْكَمِّيَّاتِ وَالْمَقَادِيرِ تَحْقِيقًا كَمَا فِي الْإِبِلِ، أَوْ تَقْدِيرًا كَمَا فِي الرِّضْوَانِ، وَكَذَا التَّحْقِيرُ فَإِنَّهُ مَعْنًى مِنَ الْمَعَانِي وَالتَّقْلِيلُ، وَلِلْإِشَارَةِ إِلَى أَنَّ بَيْنَهُمَا فَرْقًا قَالَ: وَقَدْ جَاءَ التَّنْكِيرُ لِلتَّعْظِيمِ وَالتَّكْثِيرِ نَحْوَ: لِأَنَّ الْعَطْفَ يَقْتَضِي الْمُغَايَرَةَ أَيْ بَيْنَ التَّعْظِيمِ وَالتَّكْثِيرِ أَوْ التَّعْظِيمُ أَوْ التَّحْقِيرُ أَيْ بِذِكْرِ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَيْهِ نَكِرَةً لِإِفَادَتِهِ تَعْظِيمَ مَعْنَاهُ أَوْ تَحْقِيرَهُ وَأَنَّهُ بَلَغَ فِي ارْتِفَاعِ شَأْنِهِ أَوْ فِي الِانْحِطَاطِ مَبْلَغًا لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُعْرَفَ لِعَدَمِ الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى عَظَمَتِهِ فِي الْأَوَّلِ، وَلِعَدَمِ الِاعْتِدَادِ بِهِ فِي الثَّانِي.

He means his human self from disgrace, which is the fault; and he has no hajib, meaning a lowly preventer, for one seeking kindness, so how could he have a great one? Or multiplication, as in their saying: meaning kindness and benevolence, an example of belittlement, 'Indeed he has camels, and indeed he has sheep,' or minimization, such as: 'And approval from Allah is greater' (At-Tawbah: 72). The difference, meaning many camels, between glorification and multiplication is that glorification is according to the elevation of status and high rank, while multiplication is in consideration of—and it refers to qualities, meaning rank—quantities and measures, whether in reality as in the camels, or in estimation as in the approval; and likewise belittlement, for it is a meaning among meanings, and minimization. To indicate that there is a difference between them, he said: 'Indefiniteness has come for glorification and multiplication,' such as: because conjunction requires differentiation, meaning between glorification and multiplication, or glorification or belittlement, meaning by mentioning the predicate-subject as indefinite to convey the glorification of its meaning or its belittlement, and that it has reached in the elevation of its status or in its degradation a level that cannot be known due to the inability to grasp its greatness in the first case, and due to the lack of regard for it in the second.

كَقَوْلِهِ: أَيْ قَوْلُ ابْنِ أَبِي السَّمْطِ بِكَسْرِ السِّينِ وَسُكُونِ الْمِيمِ، كَذَا نَقَلَ الدُّسُوقِيُّ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الطَّوِيلِ، أَرْكَانُهُ: فَعُولُنْ مَفَاعِيلُنْ فَعُولُنْ مَفَاعِلُنْ مُكَرَّرًا حَاجِبٌ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْحَجْبَ يُسْتَعْمَلُ فِي صِلَتِهِ حَرْفُ "عَنْ"، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿كَلَّا إِنَّهُمْ عَن رَّبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ﴾ (الْمُطَفِّفِينَ: ١٥) فَعَلَى هَذَا قَوْلُهُ: "لَهُ حَاجِبٌ" إِمَّا صِلَتُهُ مَحْذُوفَةٌ، وَفِي "كُلِّ أَمْرٍ" ظَرْفٌ مُسْتَقَرٌّ صِفَةُ الْحَاجِبِ أَيْ لَهُ حَاجِبٌ عَنِ الِارْتِكَابِ فِي كُلِّ أَمْرٍ يَشِينُهُ أَوْ يَكُونُ "فِي" بِمَعْنًى "عَنْ".

As in his saying: meaning the saying of Ibn Abi al-Samt, with a kasra on the sin and a sukun on the mim, as reported by al-Dasuqi, and it is from the Tawil meter, its feet are: fa'ulun mafa'ilun fa'ulun mafa'ilun, repeated. Hajib: Know that 'hajb' (blocking) is used with the preposition 'an' (from) in its connection. Allah the Almighty said: 'No! Indeed, from their Lord, that Day, they will be partitioned' (Al-Mutaffifin: 15). Based on this, his saying 'He has a hajib' means either its connection is omitted, and 'in every matter' is a stable adverbial phrase acting as an adjective for the hajib, meaning he has a preventer from committing every matter that disgraces him, or 'in' is in the sense of 'from'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 108 nouns)

• شَانَ — to disgrace
• عَابَ — to fault
• عَنَى — to mean
• أَحْوَال — states
• مُسْنَد — predicate
• تَعْظِيم — glorification