Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 102

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْإِسْنَادُ الْخَبَرِيُّ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ أَيْ خِلَافِ مُقْتَضَى الظَّاهِرِ، فَيُجْعَلُ غَيْرُ السَّائِلِ كَالسَّائِلِ إِذَا قُدِّمَ إِلَيْهِ أَيْ هُوَ كَخَالِي الذِّهْنِ هُوَ الْمُتَرَدِّدُ فِي الْحُكْمِ إِلَى غَيْرِ السَّائِلِ مَا يَلُوحُ أَيْ مَا يُشِيرُ لَهُ أَيْ لِغَيْرِ السَّائِلِ بِالْخَبَرِ، فَيَسْتَشْرِفُ غَيْرُ السَّائِلِ أَيْ بِجِنْسِ الْخَبَرِ لَهُ أَيْ لِلْخَبَرِ يَعْنِي يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ يُقَالُ: اِسْتَشْرَفَ الشَّيْءَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ وَيَبْسُطُ كَفَّهُ فَوْقَ الْحَاجِبِ كَالْمُسْتَظِلِّ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ اِسْتِشْرَافَ الطَّالِبِ الْمُتَرَدِّدِ نَحْوَ: ﴿وَلا تُخَاطِبْنِي فِي الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا﴾ أَيْ مِنْ شُعَاعِهَا أَيْ لَا تَدْعُنِي يَا نُوحُ فِي شَأْنِ قَوْمِكَ وَاسْتِدْفَاعِ الْعَذَابِ عَنْهُمْ هُوَ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ إِلَخْ:

The declarative predication is contrary to it, meaning contrary to the requirement of the apparent state, so the non-inquirer is treated like the inquirer when something is presented to him—that is, he is like the empty-minded person, or the one hesitant regarding the judgment—to the non-inquirer, something that hints, meaning something that points to the report for him, that is, for the non-inquirer. Thus, the non-inquirer looks forward—meaning to the genus of the report—to it, that is, to the report; it means he looks at it. It is said: 'He looked forward to the thing' when he raises his head to look at it and spreads his palm over his eyebrow like one shading himself from the sun, with the looking forward of the hesitant seeker, such as: 'And do not address Me concerning those who have done wrong,' meaning from its rays, that is, 'Do not call upon Me, O Noah, regarding the affair of your people and the warding off of the punishment from them.' It is contrary to it, etc.

قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ كَثِيرٌ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى مُقَابِلِهِ بِاعْتِبَارِ أَنَّ أَنْوَاعَ الْخِلَافِ تِسْعَةٌ وَأَنْوَاعَ إِخْرَاجِ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى الظَّاهِرِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: الْكَلَامُ مَعَ الْخَالِي، وَمَعَ الْمُتَرَدِّدِ أَوِ الْمُنْكِرِ، وَأَنْوَاعُ الْخِلَافِ فَالْكَلَامُ مَعَ الْعَالِمِ ثَلَاثَةٌ لِتَنْزِيلِهِ مَنْزِلَةَ الْخَالِي أَوِ الْمُتَرَدِّدِ أَوِ الْمُنْكِرِ، وَالْكَلَامُ مَعَ الْخَالِي كَالْكَلَامِ مَعَ الْمُتَرَدِّدِ أَوِ الْمُنْكِرِ، وَالْكَلَامُ مَعَ الْمُتَرَدِّدِ كَالْكَلَامِ مَعَ الْخَالِي أَوِ الْمُنْكِرِ، وَالْكَلَامُ مَعَ الْمُنْكِرِ كَالْكَلَامِ مَعَ الْخَالِي أَوِ الْمُتَرَدِّدِ، فَإِخْرَاجُ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى مُقْتَضَى الظَّاهِرِ أَقَلُّ أَنْوَاعًا بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى مُقَابِلِهِ.

It is said: It is frequent in relation to its opposite, considering that the types of the contrary are nine, while the types of producing speech according to the apparent state are three: speech with the empty-minded, and with the hesitant or the denier. The types of the contrary are: speech with the knowledgeable person is three, by treating him as the empty-minded, the hesitant, or the denier; speech with the empty-minded is like speech with the hesitant or the denier; speech with the hesitant is like speech with the empty-minded or the denier; and speech with the denier is like speech with the empty-minded or the hesitant. Thus, producing speech according to the requirement of the apparent state is fewer in types relative to its opposite.

فَيُجْعَلُ إِلَخْ: الظَّاهِرُ الْمُتَبَادِرُ أَنَّ الْفَاءَ لِلتَّفْرِيعِ مَعَ أَنَّ الْجَعْلَ لَيْسَ وَاقِعًا عَقِيبَ التَّخْرِيجِ، بَلْ يُنَزَّلُ غَيْرُ السَّائِلِ كَالسَّائِلِ أَوَّلًا، يُجْعَلُ الْكَلَامُ عَلَى خِلَافِ الْمُقْتَضَى.

'So he is treated, etc.': The apparent, immediate understanding is that the 'fa' (so) is for derivation, even though the treatment does not occur immediately after the production; rather, the non-inquirer is treated as the inquirer first, then the speech is made contrary to the requirement.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (34 verbs · 92 nouns)

• جَعَلَ — to make
• قَدَّمَ — to present
• لَاحَ — to appear
• إِسْنَاد — attribution
• خَبَرِيّ — declarative
• خِلَاف — disagreement