Madinah Arabic Book 3 — Page 9

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْمَنْقُوصُ مَحْذُوفَ الْيَاءِ، نَحْوَ: ذَهَبَ قَاضٍ إِلَى مُحَامٍ.

The defective noun may have its ya deleted, for example: A judge went to a lawyer.

تَقُولُ فِي إِعْرَابِ هَاتَيْنِ الْكَلِمَتَيْنِ:

You say in the parsing of these two words:

(قَاضٍ): فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ، عَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ عَلَى الْيَاءِ الْمَحْذُوفَةِ.

(Qadin): A nominative subject, its sign of nominative case is a damma estimated on the deleted ya.

(مُحَامٍ): مَجْرُورٌ بِـ (إِلَى)، عَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ كَسْرَةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ عَلَى الْيَاءِ الْمَحْذُوفَةِ.

(Muhamin): Genitive by (ila), its sign of genitive case is a kasra estimated on the deleted ya.

الْمُضَافُ إِلَى يَاءِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ، نَحْوَ: زَمِيلِي.

That which is added to the ya of the first person, for example: my colleague.

تُقَدَّرُ فِيهِ الْعَلَامَاتُ الثَّلَاثُ، نَحْوَ: دَعَا جَدِّي أُسْتَاذِي مَعَ زُمَلَائِي:

The three signs are estimated in it, for example: My grandfather invited my professor with my colleagues:

تَقُولُ فِي إِعْرَابِ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ:

You say in the parsing of these words:

(جَدّ): فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ، عَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ ضَمَّةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ.

(Jaddi): A nominative subject, its sign of nominative case is an estimated damma.

(أُسْتَاذ): مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ، عَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ فَتْحَةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ.

(Ustadhi): An accusative object, its sign of accusative case is an estimated fatha.

(زُمَلَاء): مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ، عَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ كَسْرَةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ.

(Zumala'i): A genitive possessor, its sign of genitive case is an estimated kasra.

تَثْبُتُ يَاءُ الْمَنْقُوصِ فِي ثَلَاثِ حَالَاتٍ، وَهِيَ:

The ya of the defective noun is fixed in three cases, which are:

أَنْ يَكُونَ مُحَلًّى بِالْأَلِفِ وَاللَّامِ، نَحْوَ الْقَاضِي.

That it is decorated with alif and lam, for example: the judge.

أَنْ يَكُونَ مُضَافاً، نَحْوَ: قَاضِي مَكَّةَ.

That it is in a genitive construct, for example: the judge of Makkah.

أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْصُوباً، نَحْوَ: سَأَلْتُ قَاضِياً.

That it is in the accusative case, for example: I asked a judge.

يَرَى بَعْضُ النُّحَاةِ أَنَّ هَذِهِ كَسْرَةٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ.

Some grammarians see that this is an apparent kasra.

Vocabulary · المفردات (10 verbs · 28 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• حَذَفَ — to delete
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• قَالَ — to say
• قَدَّرَ — to estimate
• دَعَا — to invite
• ثَبَتَ — to fix
• حَلَّى — to decorate
• سَأَلَ — to ask
• رَأَى — to see
• مَنْقُوص — defective noun
• يَاء — ya letter
• نَحْو — example
• قَاض — judge
• مُحَام — lawyer
• إِعْرَاب — grammatical inflection
• كَلِمَة — word
• فَاعِل — subject
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• رَفْع — nominative case
• ضَمَّة — damma
• كَسْرَة — kasra
• مُضَاف — genitive construct
• مُتَكَلِّم — speaker
• زَمِيلٌ — colleague
• ثَلَاث — three
• جَدٌّ — grandfather
• أُسْتَاذ — professor
• مَفْعُول — object
• نَصْب — accusative case
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• حَالَة — case
• أَلِف — alif
• لَام — lam
• بَعْض — some
• نَحْوِيٌّ — grammarian
• ظَاهِرَة — apparent
• مَحْذُوف — deleted